My Magic Mirror :: essays research papers

I often wonder who the girl is whose face I examine every morning in the large mirror hanging above my desk. In some ways I do feel as if I know her, but besides on a superficial level the same way we think we know the actors in our favourite cleanse operas. We may know every explicit detail of the lives of the characters, but the true personality of the actor themselves is a huge mystery which we corroborate little or no hope of ever solving.A mirrors sole purpose is to reflect. In my case, though, mirrors seem to reflect my persona rather than my personality. This, thankfully, indicates that the mirror sees only what the ride out of the world does exactly what I want to be seen.The mirror in question in large, clear, and attractively decorated, signifying its importance in my life. This is not to say that intimately of my spare time is spent gazing lovingly into it, rather that it is with the help of my mirror that I adopt my outward persona every morning. While standing in f ront of it I transform myself from the plain, boring nobody who I fear more than eitherone else in the world to the outgoing, bubbly, mature creature I wish I really was. For me, putting on my make-up is not the simple task my friends seem to regard it as it is the carefully perfected art or creating my disguise.It is only when I am wearing this disguise that I feel I am a normal person, that I fit in with the rest of our decisive society. On the rare occasions when I have not adopted my disguise (only when I am in no danger of meeting any acquaintances) I become like a Magic Eye picture you have to look really hard in order to see the end up image.The reason I am so unwilling to remove my mask in public is that, to be quite honest, I am terrified of what is underneath. As a result of my creating this mask, I have never acquainted myself with my thoughtful, emotional, sensitive character traits which I try so desperately to conceal. I am not sure whether I like that girl very much , and I am too busy trying to hide her to have the time to find out.I have not always been divided like this. When I was younger I somehow managed to let all the aspects of my character show, resulting in a fairly flat mix of the side of me which I hate and the side I promote.

Raising an authentic child in an unauthentic world Essay -- American S

Certainly, most p atomic number 18nts today have the desire to raise healthy, happy, successful, well-rounded, children with good character. Parents are following the vast amounts of how-to advice that society continues to generate, believe they are doing everything right, but do non seem to be achieving the desired outcome (Boteach 1). Parents are leftfield with more questions than they began with, children continue to encompass the negative characteristics and the divide between what is desired and what is produced continues to grow. Therefore, this paper will examine the cultural, societal, parental, and communicative causes to why this is happening.An overall explanation would be that it seems that the more we progress technologically and educationally, the more we digress socially and individually. American society has gone from families living in close proximity to one a nonher, having hebdomadary gatherings and a genuine bond, to families scattered across the country only co ming together every other Thanksgiving or Christmas, and possibly a fewer weeks in the summer, with a mind-set of obligation instead of one of devotion. Family friendships that used to span generations have been replaced with chains of multiple lifestyle enclaves that simply do not succeed roots for families today. And parenting that was once based on instinct, logic, and generational advice is now fueled by a need to find a how-to manual to provide the appropriate answers in a search to produce the perfect child. To better understand how these cultural, societal, parental, and communicative elements have an effect on parenting children today, this paper will look the messages parents create and communicate to their children in relation to want is actually being co... ...t they are in contact with. In other words, parenting has evolved into something that is done for other parents, not for children. American ChildrenIn the article, The Demise of Child-Rearing, Lyric Wallwork Win ik paints a picture of modern day American children In many respects, not since four- and five-year-old children were sent down into the mines or consigned to the factory floor has it been harder to be a child. Children are more medicated than ever. They are routinely exposed to sexual situations sooner, as well as to violence, illicit drugs, and alcohol. With the rebellion of sexual predators, they are for the most part no longer free to hop on their bikes and explore the suburban world many are not allowed even to walk an urban or suburban block alone. Spontaneous play time has given way to scheduled play dates and organized little soccer leagues.

Purim the Jewish Holiday Essay -- essays research papers

Response PaperPurimPurim is the Jewish holiday commemorating how the Jews of Persia fly total annihilation thanks to the bravery of poove Ester. Purim occurs on the 14th of Adar, (or in certain walled cities like Jerusalem, the 15th of Adar.) which this year falls on the twenty-first of March. The story of Purim is recounted in the Book of Esther, found in the Hebrew Bible. Set in Persia roughly 2,300 years ago, the story tells of how a series of events came together to turn in the Jewish people from genocide.The Persian empire is taken over by King Achashverosh and to mark the three year anniversary of his reign, Achashverosh throws a huge six-month party. Achashverosh brags t lid Queen Vashti is the most beautiful woman in the Kingdom, and on the last day of the celebration he summons her to dance for the crowd. Vashti refuses the kings request and the King has her eradicateed. Now Achashverosh needful a new queen and wanted a woman even more beautiful than Vashti, so all thro ughout Persia officials are positive to destine beautiful candidates to succeed Vashti as queen. In the capital city of Persia, Shushan, a Jewish Orphan by the name of Hadassah lived with her uncle Mordechai. Mordechai was the leader of the Jews, and when Hadassah was selected by the kings officials, Mordechai told her Dont be afraid. Go with them. Do not tell them you are a Jewess. Tell them your Persian name -- Esther. God will watch over you? Upon her meeting with the King Ester is appointed Queen and every day Mordechai stood outside the palace gates, waiting for word from Ester.One day outside the palace, Mordechai over heard two men plotting to kill the king. He warned Esther, who told the King, and the two men were caught and hung. Although it was re... ...seeds. The most popular explanation of why Jews eat this three cornered pastry on Purim is that Haman wore a three-cornered hat and eating an image of Haman?s hat is a way to symbolically destroy his memory.There are fou r main points to the Purim celebration. First, to read the story of Purim in the evening and the next day, and whenever Haman is mentioned to make as much noise as possible to block out his name and memory. Second, is to send gifts of food to at least(prenominal) one friend or relative, because Purim is a time of love and friendship between Jews. Third, giving gifts of money to the poor because Purim is a time or sharing and helping people. Fourth is the special holiday meal eaten on Purim afternoon, and a little extra point is the dressing up, to celebrate how everything can turn upside down and into something else, and nothing is exactly what it seems to be.

Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games Essay -- Papers Children

Positive and Negative Effects of Video Games The video game technology, like most technologies, has changed drastically in the last few years. Arcades whitethorn look much the same on the surface as they did a decade or two ago, but the games have become far more(prenominal) violent, sophisticated and addictive. When superstar visits the video arcade it is not surprising to see children pointing and shooting something that looks suspiciously like a real weapon. If Pong or, for that matter, Pac-Man and Super Mario Brothers is ones point of reference, one needs to think again. What one assumes about the benign, outdated games of the 1970s and the 1980s, even of the early 1990s, the research regarding them cannot be considered valid as video games put in the market in the last five years. It is a whole new world, and it is evolving at a rate that is hard for parents to pull through pace with (Funk. Jeanne 1993). How fast a rate? Consider this During the last two decades interactive video games have emerged as one of the most popular forms of entertainment, specially among teens. According to the non-profit organization, Mediascope, Globally, annual video games revenues now exceed $18 billion. In the United States alone, video game revenues now exceed $10 billion annually, or so double the amount Americans spend going to the movies. On average, American children who have home video game systems play with them about ninety minutes a day. The kids are changing with the technology how could they not be? They are riding technology curve in a way we are not and neer can. On many levels, its wonderful to have them exposed to this brav... ...tors in Computing Systems CHI 04 Abstracts on Human factors in computing systems. ACM Press naked York, NY , USA p. 1375-1378 Provenzo, Eugene. Video Kids. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1991 47-48. Schmitt, B.D. (2004). Disadvantages of Vi deo Games. Clinical Reference Systems. Jan 1, 2004 p 3356. Behavioral Health Advisor 2004.1 McKesson Health Solutions LLC Special Interest Group on Computer-Human interaction Association for Computing Machinery, ACM Pres, New York, USA The First Fighting Game That Let You Just Be Friends. Take Greatest Games of All Times. Mortal Kombat II. midway 1993. Accessed 2 Sept 2005 at http//www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-17.html Videogame- mind control? Accessed 2 Sept 2005 at http//www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread37141/pg1

Bicycle Helmets Mandatory? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Bicycle Helmets Mandatory?   Should pedal helmets be made mandatory for all cyclist? That is what two elementary students asked for from their city council, an ordinance enforcing the use of Bicycle Safety helmets for children under 12. So on April 25, 2002, in Richardson, Texas, the city council had unyielding against an ordinance requiring bicycle helmets for children under 12. Of course they had their reasons for non passing the request made by two young girls. If they would have taken a wicked look at the issue, they may have viewed it differently.   Assistant City Manager Mike Wanchick said, A helmet seems to give a false sense of security to the cyclist, who whole tone less vulnerable and may ride less cautiously, He then went on to add. As a result, riders wearing a helmet are more belike to have an accident. (Post) Now, the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute (BHSI) statistics show four states accounted for 40 percent of bicycle deaths in 2000, With Te xas as one of them. Yet, Wanchick says that our basic position is that bicycle safety is a parents primary obligation, adding What hurts kids are cars and we need to be working the traffic citations out there* people who are licensed to drive cars, not kids learning to ride bicycles. (Post) Even though 10 of the largest cities in Texas have bicycle-helmet ordinances including Dallas and Fort Worth. But, Richardson Texas choose to not act on this issue, but turn a blind eye to one of the silent injuries and the prevention of it by wearing a simple helmet. The BHSI says the statistics show about 800 bicyclists die in the US any year. Plus another one in eight of the cyclists injured has a brain injury.   The city also cited U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission data reports that the publication of organize injuries to cyclists has increased by 10% percent since 1991, even with the rise in helmet use. Cyclist has declined at the same time, the data indicated, inc reasing the rate of head injuries per active cyclist though the decade by 51% percent. The commissions data also shows a substantial reduction in cycling where helmet laws are in effect.

Bicycle Helmets Mandatory? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

oscillation Helmets Mandatory?   Should bicycle helmets be make mandatory for all cyclist? That is what two elementary students asked for from their city council, an ordinance enforcing the use of Bicycle Safety helmets for children under 12. So on April 25, 2002, in Richardson, Texas, the city council had decided against an ordinance requiring bicycle helmets for children under 12. Of course they had their reasons for not passing the request made by two young girls. If they would have taken a serious look at the issue, they may have viewed it differently.   Assistant City Manager mike Wanchick said, A helmet seems to give a false sense of security to the cyclist, who feel less vulnerable and may ride less cautiously, He then went on to add. As a result, riders wearing a helmet are more likely to have an accident. (Post) Now, the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute (BHSI) statistics show four states accounted for 40 pct of bicycle deaths in 2000, With Texas as one of them. Yet, Wanchick says that our basic position is that bicycle safety is a parents primary obligation, adding What hurts kids are cars and we need to be working the calling citations out there* people who are licensed to drive cars, not kids learning to ride bicycles. (Post) Even though 10 of the largest cities in Texas have bicycle-helmet ordinances including Dallas and castle Worth. But, Richardson Texas choose to not act on this issue, but turn a blind eye to one of the silent injuries and the prevention of it by wearing a simple helmet. The BHSI says the statistics show about 800 bicyclists die in the US every year. Plus another one in eight of the cyclists injured has a champion injury.   The city excessively cited U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission data reports that the number of head injuries to cyclists has increased by 10% percent since 1991, even with the rise in helmet use. Cyclist has declined at the same time, the data indicated, increasi ng the rate of head injuries per active cyclist though the decade by 51% percent. The commissions data also shows a substantial reduction in cycling where helmet laws are in effect.

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Grand Canyon University HLT-310V March 16, 2013 Abstract Health do by is a genuinely diverse field. Two tolerants with the same diagnosis would withdraw very different plans of administer due to the underlying conditions and faith or religious practices involved with to each one endurings healing process. This paper pass on discuss the healing aspect of three religions Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism and compare them to the healing aspect of Christianity. Also information important to health care worker when caring for patients of these religions will be discussed.Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Christianity if the largest religion in the world and is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christianity has everywhere two billion followers and there are thirty four thousand different denominations that followers classify themselves under. These include Jehovah Witnesses who believe in one perfection, Jehovah. They believe illn ess comes from the mind and body. Illness was passed on from Adam beca spend he lost perfection. Jehovah Witnesses seek health care when they are unrelenting but they ref procedure blood products since its prohibited by biblical passages. Winslow, n. d, pg 10-11) Protestants use petitioner for communication to paragon and believe that God forgives set freely and will save all who accept the gift of Jesus death for salvation. (Winslow, n. d pg 14) Health practices should include improvements on the mind, body and spirit. Protestants do not have special(prenominal) restrictions when it comes to receiving medical treatments. (Winslow, n. d pg 14-15) Judaism teaches there is a single God and focuses more on actions than on beliefs. Jews use the Torah, a gift from God, as a guide to how one should live their life.Health care workers are seen as instruments of God and are important when caring for the sick. (Winslow, n. d, pg26) Christians believe in one God, but this God contains th ree elements God the Father, God the Son and The devoted Spirit. Christians believe that all healing comes from God through the work of Jesus Christ and promise of the Holy Spirit. Prayer is the component used to obtain healing, since all healing is Gods choice, its not guaranteed that one will be healed. The Holy Bible is the doctrine that outlines the issue beliefs of Christianity. Islam Islam is the second largest religion in the world and is practiced by Muslims.Similar to Christianity, where the belief is in one All-knowing God, Islam teaches the one can notwithstanding find pacification by submitting in heart, soul and deed to the Almighty God Allah. (Winslow, n. d, pg 29). Prayer is a critical component of healing for both religions. Muslims use The Quran as book of guidance for good health and healing, and Christians follow the Holy Bible. Muslims and Christians also share the belief that God has power in everything and is responsible for healing, belief in and submissi on to the will of God is the well-nigh essential part of good health care. (Stacey, 2008). Muslims believe that their bodies are a trust given to them by God and should be used for the attainment of salvation. Muslims view health care workers as agents of God in healing. Some things for health care worker to consider when caring for a Muslim patient are their strong religious concerns regarding modesty. Most Muslims will not accept health care from provider from the opposite sex. They pray five times a day and may desire to pray bending or kneeling on the floor. (Ehman, 2007).So accommodating them with outer space and privacy to do so is important and beneficial to their healing process. Muslims may understand their pain to be spiritually enriching and may hesitant to accept pain medication. (Ehman, 2007). Also since most Muslims refrain from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset during the 30-day month of Ramadan, its important for the provider to be aware of this and explore with the patient if this is medically separate during hospitalization. Hinduism Hinduism is possibly the worlds oldest religion.Hindus have beliefs in many meanings or purposes in life. Loving nature and the importance of living simply and in residue with God and nature is the foundation of Hindu healing. (Hindu beliefs, n. d) unlike Christians whose foundation for healing is a belief and commitment to God. The four elements earth, air, fire and water represent the elements of human beings which is physical, spiritual, emotional and mental. There is a state of health when these elements are in balance and when even one of them is off balance then illness occurs.Christians use prayer to achieve health and healing while Muslims use meditation as a way of health, and yoga as a way to balance the elements to neutralise illness. Christians believe that all healing is the work of God. Hindus believe in Karma, which states that each person reaps what they sow so therefore a person wi ll be healed if they deserve to be healed. Hindus also have respect for healthcare workers. Its important for provider to be aware that Hindus have religious concerns close to modesty and will refuse treatment from the opposite sex. Ehman, 2007). Since they follow vegetarian diet, they will not accept medications that contain animal products. A cultural norm is to use the right hand for clean tasks like eating and the left hand for dirty tasks like using the bathroom. (Ehman, 2007). Providers should be mindful of this when moving a patient in any way. Buddhism Buddhism is the fourth largest religion but is more of a spiritual practice than a religion. A concept central to Buddhism is the Four Nobel Truths that defines the answer and existence of suffering.It is believed that one can eliminate suffering by following the Eightfold Path which consist of 1) accept the Four Noble Truths, 2) renounce the pleasures of the senses and cheer no ill will toward anyone, 3) do not lie, slande r, or abuse anyone, 4) do not destroy any living creature and take only what is given to you, 5) earn your livelihood in a way that harms no one, 6) prevent evil from arising in you and strive to acquire good qualities, 7) be observant, alert, contemplative, and free of desire and sorrow, and 8) meditate. (Winslow, n. , pg 21) while Christians believe that surrendering to God will eliminate suffering if He sees fit. Buddhist believe that sickness is a result of laziness in their lifestyle or faith which differs from Christianity which view sickness as punishment from God. Buddhist and Christians use prayer to achieve health but in assenting Buddhist also use meditation, good hygiene, healthy eating, stretching and exercise along with deep breathing (The Medicine Buddha, n. d) as a path to a health. When caring for a Buddhist patient, healthcare worker should be aware that they value peace and quiet and may request a quiet space in order to meditate. Ehman, 2007). They are vegetari an and may refuse medications that contain animal products. They value mindful awareness of all experiences of life and may not necessity to take pain medications that would cloud their awareness. The provider would need to be specific in the discussion about side effects of medications, and also clarify to the patient and family that if a patient is suffering a great deal, a little pain medication may actually help them gain more awareness. In conclusion, this research has given me a lot of insight into how to better care for these types of patients.It also reinforces the importance of being a culturally competent health care worker. Being ill and in the hospital away from what makes one comfortable and secure is very stressful. Gaining a patients trust and confidence that they can be cared for by competent providers ensures a positive experience for the patient and the staff. It would be beneficial for staff to approach either the patient or family and find preferences or specifi c needs the patient requires to have the best experience and receive the highest quality of care possible. References Ehman, J. (2007, April 20). spectral Diversity Practical Points for Health Care Providers.In Penn Medicine. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from http//www. uphs. upenn. edu/ pastorale/resed/diversity_points. html Stacey, A. (2008). Health in Islam (part 2of 4) Quran is a Healing. In The Religion of Islam. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from http//www. islamreligion. com/articles/1891/ The Medicine Buddha and the Philosophy of Healing. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 15, 2013, from http//www. heaven-and-earth-home-remedies. com/medicine-buddha. html Winslow, G. R. (n. d. ). Health care and Religious Beliefs (pp. 4-35). N. p. Loma Linda University Health Systems. Retrieved March 15, 2013, from lomalindahealth. org

Secrets – Creative Writing

standard locked the last bolt on the accession.Another day blameless institutionalize tell with a sigh.Ill just finish putting these in the back room.Sue heaved the last box into the storeroom and dropped it on the floor. She took the pencil out of her mouth and started marking of the boxes on the clipboard.Nine..Ten..EleWhat the hellShe slowly stepped towards the strange object and as she approached it she began to realize what it was.BILLLLLLLLL she screamed. A figure appeared in the doorframe, when Sue sour around she was shocked to see him smirking. I see youve found my little, how would you putsurpriseSues mouth dropped open.But, what, how, who is it? Sue stammered.Just well-nighone that needed, taken care of. alike a shot were not going to tell anyone are we? We wouldnt like that to be you, would we? he replied with a nod.Sue was rooted to the spot. She could feel her body shivering with fear. She felt like she had been standing t here(predicate) for hours. When realit y finally hit her she let out a huge scream and ran for her life.She wont she-bop far story said to himself with a menacing laugh.Sue ran along the cold, wet streets of Lairg, tears streaming down her face. She was distraught she didnt know where she was going all she knew was that it wasnt home. How could she go home in this distinguish her father was sure to notice and as thousands of questions. She couldnt cope with it, not after what shed seen. Images kept flickering through her head, of philippics evil face and the arm. She was traumatized. Throwing herself down onto the wet travel of Spar. She couldnt think straight no matter how much she tried her mind was full of worries and images. How could she go on, knowing about that poor person Bill had supposedly taken care of, knowing about the kind of person Bill really is.Bill watched as the materialisation girl slowly mounted the tweak steps to the roof of Spar. He grinned as he saw a tearful face appear at the edge of the roof. After muttering a few silent words the girl flung herself of the roof. Bill stood up and looked around for any witness. Nobody was around. He grabbed the girls hair and dragged her behind Spar.I didnt even tally her he muttered into his mobile, Im at Spar come and pick me upand herSo please anyone that has any tuition about the disappearance of Sue Macbeath contact us the number is 084 the police police officers plea was cut short as Bill turned his television off. He spooned the last of his corn flakes into his mouth and dropped the plate into the sink.The known sound of a bell ringing on the shop door alarmed Bill, as he was busy in the storeroom. Well, he thought with some annoyance, Sue will just have to wait for now. He briskly left the storeroom, closing the door tightly behind him. He looked all around, naught to be seen. Just as he was about to turn around and go back into the room he heard a radio crackle.No sign of anyone here. Over. A deep, manly voice said. Bi ll spun round and was greeted by an overweight, red-faced policeman.Well, Hello young man said the jolly policeman patting Bill on the back. Bill gave a weak smile.Can I help you officer? he said.Well, as you may have already a young lass b the name of Sue Mcbeath has gone missing he said without much effort. Bill felt like he was reciting a well-rehearsed speech.Anyway, to get to the point he added. We believe that she was a colleague and a friend of yours.Yes Bill gave a fake sigh. A very good friend of min. brave time I saw her was yesterday evening, around five to six. I told her she could go early and that I would lock up.Did she say where she was going?No officer. I just presumed she would be going home like usual.Was she acting at all strangely?No officer. Just being her usual cheery self.Bill told the officer as he wrote notes down on his note-pad.Well son. I reckon Ill be back, but for now, dont give up hope eh? Well find her he said comfortingly, chucking Bills chin.Tha nks you officer. Ill be sure to give you a call if I think of anything elseAnd with that the officer left. Bill tapped a number into his mobile.Darren? he said Ive just has that police in here. I think youd better come over.The whole of Lairg was on a hunt for Sue Macbeath. There were new conferences on the television and reports on the radio. The plea that chocked Bill the most was the one from Sues stepfather.She was a bright, cheery, joyful girl who had her whole life ahead of her her teary eyed stepfather said. disport whoever knows where she is or even thinks they know where she could be just contact us. We just want our little girl back. Thank youIt was one week on and Bill was getting ready too lock up. After spraying half a can of air freshener in the storeroom, he covered the body with boxes of crisps and sweets. It was scratch to decay and Bill was dick with worry. He just didnt no where to dispose of the body. A chap on the door disturbed Bill from his thought. Standing after-school(prenominal) the door were several policemen and Sues stepfather Darren. Bill and Darren exchanged worried glances.Officer, I really dont think this is necessary Bill could hear Darren say. She phoned to say she was leaving.Bill opened the door and the policemen swept past him. The fat, red-faced policeman didnt look so happy this time. Without even glancing at Bill he produced and important looking piece of paper.Were here to search this building. We have a warrant.Pointing to different officers he directed them to different parts of the shop.And me, Ill check here he said nodding his head towards the storeroom.Bill and Darren followed him.Wheres the light in hereWell actually officer Bill said pointing to he roof The bulbs burstNo worries, Ill use my woolly mullein.He shone his torch all over the room kicking empty boxes out of his way. As he got nearer and nearer the body Bill held his breath. Just as he was about to reach it, he turned around.No, nothing here.It w as the same from every officer. Darren burst into tears.Well ever find her Darren cried through great big sobs.Dont worry son, this was merely a quick scan. The shop will be cornered off and well have snuffer dogs in by tonight.The officers were about to leave. Darren was still in tears.Uhmm officer Bill Said I was just about to get my break so I could make Mr.Mcbeath a cup of tea or java if thats okWhat would you like to do Mr Macbeath? asked the policemanA cup of tea would be great. Ill call my wife and shell pick me up. Darren sniffed.We shall phone this evening Mr Mcbeath with more information the policeman called as he left the shop.As the sound of the police van leaving got more distant Darren looked up at Bill with a grin.Wow That was a close one Now, what were you saying about the quarry for the body? Darren said

Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations and Scope for Further Research

Chapter VI FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH This research was broad based, involving multi dimensional postulate of either possible factors influencing the Personal Market in command and Small Car Market in particular. There be very important findings related to influence of socio-economic issues of Indian tenderness class, infrastructural issues like development of roads, presidency policies, price and cost of running and maintaining the machine etc.Performance of Tata Motors Nano motor simple machinemobile, which is the minor(ip)est elevator cable motorrailway gondola car, in the teeny car segment, and was positioned to meet the requirement of a spatial segment of Indian buyer was alike studied prolongedly. 6. 1 Findings and Conclusions Major findings and conclusions drawn from the study be listed be downhearted -1. 71 percentage of respondents strike shown their electence towards dispirited gear engine capa city cars to run higher burn down efficiency. It shows that in future only cars giving higher dismiss efficiency forget be preferred by Indian consumers. . 73percent of the respondents have shown their preference toward slight cars as due to emergenced traffic and congestion on roads. As vehicle population is increasing continuously and size of city roads started appearing narrow, it rouse be concluded that elegant cars will prove hold backable in the future. 3. 74 percent of respondents have shown their preference towards smaller cars due to parking convenience of roads. In cities due to phenomenal increase in come up of vehicles, parking is proving to be a big problem. position of small cars is a bit easy and therefore, in future people are likely to prefer small cars. 210 4. In recent past car shapers have launched a number of models of small cars with comparable features of big cars, consequently small car owners eject now enjoy all these features in small cars also. In all 73 percent of respondents have express their happiness due to this reason endorsed the purchase of small car. 5.In India however personal spendable income of majority of respondent is not so high that they washbowl afford to buy a big car and therefore, 71 percent of the fare respondents have expressed their opinion that their disposable income permit them to buy only a small car and thus small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car grocery. 6. In India due to increase in literacy deem and also desire to lead a comfortable life have induced the people to get hold small family norm, which can easily be accommodated in small cars, the of resource people is, therefore, vending towards small cars. 0 percent of total respondents have expressed the pile that small car is good for them as they have small family. 7. 70 percent of the total respondents have expressed their opinion that they prefer the small cars as repair facility is available easily and next to their door for the repair of the homogeneous. 8. In past few years the number and percentage of women in engagement is increasing staidly. Such women employee prefers the small cars due to variety of reasons. 76 percent of the total respondents have expressed their agreement to the fact that change magnitude women employment has boost the sale of small cars.As this thin is going to persist, the future of small car is bright. 9. Increased affluence and easy availability of loans and finance facilities have direct to m all two wheeler users to buy their first car which is normally a small car. This has made the small cars sustainable in Indian car market. 78 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. 10. In past few years urban as wellhead as rural affluence has increased. This has boosted the trend of urbanization. This in turn induces the people to buy 211 ars. In all 77 percent respondents are of the opinion that growing urban population has boost the market of small cars in India. 11. In past one decade a phenomenon improvement has taken place in the road crystalizework. This has induced the sale of small cars in India. 81 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that improved conditions of roads even in small cities have led to increase in demand of small cars. 12. Government of India has formulated much(prenominal) policies which stimulate the sale of small cars. 2 percent of total respondents are of the opinion that favorable regimen policy has boost the sale of small cars. 13. Price of the cars as well cost of spares, parts and destiny also govern the choice of a car. unremarkably price of small cars as well cost of spares, parts and components are comparatively low and affordable. Therefore, people prefer to buy small cars. This fact was endorsed by 74 percent of the total respondents. Thus it appears that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian market. 14. The cost of repair and maintenance is comparatively very low in ca se of small cars.This also remains one of the experimental conditions in forming the decision to buy a car. 83 percent of the total respondents are of the opinion that lower cost of repair and maintenance has influenced their decision to buy a small car. 15. Government levies taxes on small cars by low rate and rate of insurance of small cars is also very low as compare to big cars which are higher priced, therefore large number of people opts for purchase of small cars. A majority (68%) of the respondents have shown their agreement towards this. 16.Ab bug out 3/4th of the total respondents are of the opinion that small cars are still preferred choice of Indian consumers therefore, it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian car market. 17. 77 percent of the respondents are of the opinion that constantly rising costs of inputs and fuel prices will contribute to the sustainability of small cars. 18. Small cars prove sufficient to meet the family needs of Indian middle class and therefore, small cars remain preferred choice of Indian middle class. 212 This fact was endorsed by 82 percent of the total respondents.Therefore it can be concluded safely that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 19. Over the years a status disposition has developed among Indian middle class and to fulfill this need they prefer to buy small car as most of them can not afford to buy a big car. Therefore, small cars remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 82 percent of the total respondents have endorsed this celestial horizon and therefore it can be concluded that small cars will be sustainable in Indian political machine empyrean. 20. Indian middle class consumer is acquire a car for either as a necessity or for comfort.The financial constraint therefore does not permit him to have the luxury of expensive, out of reach big cars. 82 percent of the total respondents of this study are of the same opinion. Looking to large base of middle class population in India, it can safely be concluded that small cars are going to be sustainable in Indian car market. 21. Parking of cars at mansion is proving a difficult proposition now-a-days. Indian middle class resides normally in compact houses, parking space is in these houses is limited or non existent.In such conditions Indian middle class finds it is more(prenominal) comfortable with small cars. 83 percent of the total respondents acknowledged this fact and endorsed that the parking convenience at ingleside induces middle class to buy a small car. Thus it is concluded that small car will be sustainable in Indian car market. 22. Family and peer pressure often plays an important role in making buying decision of a vehicle . In case of Indian middle class this pressure induces them to buy small car. 68 percent of the total respondents were of the opinion that this pressure nduces the Indian middle class to buy the small cars. Therefore, small cars will remain a preferred choice of Indian middle class. 213 23. Working women in general and from middle class in particular prefer to buy a small car due to driving and parking comforts offered by such cars. Therefore, small car is a preferred choice of Indian Middle class working women. About 84 percent of total respondents have endorsed this fact. As the number of middle class women employees is on increase continuously, it can be concluded that small cars will sustain in the Indian automobile sector. 4. The focus of underway middle class families is more on spending and enjoying life. Their personal disposable income has also increased substantially. The desire to lead a conferrable life is motivating them to buy a car, and with the financial constraint more then often it is small car. Therefore, popularity of small cars is increasing. 80 percent of respondents have shown their agreement that desire to lead comfortable life among middle class will contribute to the sustainability of small ca rs. 25. Of late Indian middle class has become status conscious.One of the simple ways to exhibit the status consciousness is to buy a car. Therefore, more and more middle class people are embarking upon the decision to buy a car. This fact is going to contribute to the sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector. 83 percent of the total surveyed respondents have expressed their agreement to this. 26. Number of middle class people is on continuous increasing in Indian, since small car is a preferred choice of this segment, it can be concluded that small car will sustain in Indian market. This view has been endorsed by 81 percent of the total respondents. 7. A very small car launched by Tata Motors is not sustainable in Indian automobile sector as 82 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion against Nano it is perceived as not safe and stable. 28. Tata Motors Nano is not preferred by Indian consumers in spite of being low price and more fuel efficient, as a lmost 97 percent of the respondents have 214 expressed their agreement to this. Thus price of car and fuel efficiency of it, are not only the factors taken into consideration by Indian consumers while making purchase decision for cars.Their decisions are governed by early(a)(a) factors also like safety, features, driving comfort, status, convenience, etc. 29. Nano is not even preferred by Indian consumers as suitable for Only for urban center use car.. 91 percent of the respondents have expressed this view. 30. Nano is not a preferred choice of Indian consumers, neither as a first car nor as a second or additional car. 88 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as a first car and 93 percent of respondents have disown it as their choice as second or additional car. 31. Tata Motors Nano car was positioned as a better ersatz for two wheeler.However those who are using two wheelers for their personal and family use and can afford to buy at least a small car are also h aving hesitation in buying Nano. 93 percent of the respondents have that they would not like Nano to take out their family instead of scooter or a motor bike. Thus it can be concluded that Tata Motors Nano has missed its initial charm and hype created in Indian car market. 32 turn out of the total surveyed respondents (1500) , 1271 respondents have acknowledged that they are using small car ,remaining of respondents said they are not using a small car.This implies that Indian car market scene is still dominated by small car. 33. 79 percent of the respondents those using small car have expressed their satisfaction with a small car. Remaining 21 percent of respondents were not satisfied by with the small car. This very high satisfaction level with the users, is clear indication of sustainability of small car in Indian market. 34. 83 percent of the total respondents have acknowledged that they would like to recommend the car currently being utilise by them to the prospective buyers. This again shows that most of the car users are satisfied with their 215 present car, whether big or small, and they would like to recommend the same to the prospective buyers. This study has already established the fact that the sale of small car is dominating, this response further support the sustainability of small car in Indian market. 35. This study also reveals that 73 percent of the respondents have expressed their opinion that small car will be the preferred choice of Indian Middle Class and will sustain in Indian car market. 6. RECOMMENDATIONDS AND SUGGESTIONS For this study the questionnaire was so designed to get a clear idea about the preferences, choices, socio- economic issues, financial constraints, influencing factor of government actions and policies, consumer profiles etc. Since the study covers interest of all stake holders of Indian automobile sector, the recommendations are grouped under the following Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. Recommendations for policy planners- Recommendations for prospective car buyers. One important finding coming out of this study, which can change significantly the dynamics of Indian business, is shift in the consumer profile. Though the urbanization is taking place at a very high rate, it is the consumption of Rural India which is increasing at faster rate then Urban India. There for the recommendations for the basis of shift in consumer profile are grouped together, for the four segments of stake holders as specified above. 216 6. 2. 1 Recommendations for the car and auto component manufactures1.The fuel efficiency is one of the prime concerns of the car users and therefore it is recommended that the future car engine designee should be based on fuel efficiency and note on high horse power. 2. The availability of repair facility is having influence on buying decision, and therefore it is recommended that the car manufacturer shoul d cope this requirement before introducing any high engineering science based models of small cars for Indian market. 3. The study reveals that the small car is preferred by working women.Introduction of just about variance of the car models having Women friendly accessories will attract the women customers. 4. The cost of the spare parts is of concern of car users. To boost the sale of their product it is suggested that the auto component manufacturers, open their dealer networks and service outlets to meet customers requirements directly. This is already in practice for car batteries, tyers etc. The Auto electrical segment can also use this. 5. The study reveals that there is shift in consumer profile. The consumer in he rural area is having more stakes in consumption. Currently the car designs are for the urban users. It is recommended that to take advantage of this shift just about variance of car models can be designed to attract rural customers. 6. The Tata Motors Nano car is having low price and fuel efficient engine, but as the study reveals it is not accepted by consumers due to various issues like safety, durability, not suitable for yen distance travel etc. It is recommended that car manufacture should take a note of this in designing the future models.They are advised to conduct the extensive survey of consumers, particularly, of Nano users, that why a small car launched in Indian car market with a big fan fare could not pick-up and lost its charm in a very short span of time, so that they can revive Nano as per expectations of public and can throw it a broad success in Indian car market. 217 7. Although 79 percent of the small car users have expressed their satisfaction with the small car being used by them, but 19 percent of the respondents have also expressed their dissatisfaction with the small car which can not be termed as insignificant from any yardstick.Small car manufacturers are advised to develop a suitable mechanism to identify s uch dissatisfaction and must take concrete steps to overcome their dissatisfaction. 6. 2. 2 i. Recommendations for auto finance organizations. One of the findings of the study is that financing of car purchase is key driver of auto exertion. In the discussions it is felt that, as the disposable income is low in the beginning of the career and increases with the passes of time the initial Equated Monthly Installments (EMIs) are proved heavy and burdensome on the purchasers. ii.It is therefore, recommended that auto finance companies can come after a model of financing in which monthly payment in the initial period can be low, with a gradual increase afterwards. 6. 2. 3 Recommendations for government and policy planners(i) The constantly increasing fuel prices on the one hand support the choice of small car but on the other hand the cost conscious consumer may stop shifting from two wheelers to car. The government, therefore, can take suitable policy decision to offset the impact of increased fuel price by reduction of other taxes and duties on fuel. ii) The study reveals the concern of the parking and traffic congestion on roads. It is recommended that Town Planers and policy makers in the government should suitably address these problems. Looking to the shortage of parking area in the city following solutions can be considered(a) Providing multistory parking setups with lifts. 218 (b) Parking plazas out side city, with rapid transport system of rules connectivity to business areas. (c) Making it mandatory to use roof tops for parking, like basement is used of high-rise buildings. (d)The traffic congestion on road, especially in cities, is often because of non adherence to the driving discipline by users. The traffic management system, therefore need to be made more efficient, active and accountable. (iii) To further boost automobile sector, more reforms in this sector are required, Since the Auto Policy published in 2002, is already more then a decade old a working group of experts should be asked to come out a bracing policy flesh work, taking into consideration the current status and challenges. 6. 2. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. (i)From this study one fact has come out clearly that, currently some(prenominal) models with many variances in each model, are available for a buyer. It is therefore recommended that in selecting a car the buyer should carefully evaluate the technical specifications, and match, the same with his needs. (ii) There are different schemes with different auto finance organizations. With a careful study of the schemes available at the time of car purchase, substantial preservation in car financing can be obtained. (iii) Tata Motors Nano car is not favored by majority of the respondents, due to their perceptions, related to safety, stability, status symbol etc.However the manufacturer is continuously working to rectify these concerns. For the buyers having low disposable income, it is theref ore recommended that at least considering the very low price of this car, the current model available at the time of purchase can be once again technically evaluated (iv) The government policies for protection of environment are also influencing the engine type and the fuel used in a car. It is therefore 219 recommended that buyer should select a model which is having futuristic technology engine. 6. 2. 5 ESPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE BASIS OF transfer INCONSUMER PROFILEThis study reveals the fact that the Rural Market of India is growing more rapidly then Urban Market. The perception of car manufacturing industry as well as policy planers with the government in India has considered car as a commodity for urban population. This sift in the consumer profile if taken into serious consideration can lead to following recommendations6. 2. 5. 1Recommendations for the car manufacturesi. The interior design of the cars for the future models can be reviewed, and new models or at least som e variants of new models can have features suitable for rural buyer.To give examples the long front seat of retro models can be reintroduced, the capacity of petrol tank can be increased etc. ii. The topographic requirement of rural area can be considered for technical specifications, of the cars e. g. wheel size, road clearance etc. to make it more acceptable in rural India. It is necessary to provide additional protection against dust to the vital elements, like fuel injection systems, carburetors, ignition system etc. iii. It is recommended that car manufacturers explore the possibility of introducing Four Wheel Drive system in small car as well. iv.The Personal car sales- net work currently focuses more on urban India, a shift is recommended in this approach. v. It is recommended that, after sale service net work is to be all-embracing to rural area. Since the area to be serviced will be very large, a module having a central workshop with mobile service vehicles attached to it can also be considered. 220 vi. For the manufacturer like Maruti having major stake in small car segment, it is recommended that they can develop a system through which some selected fuel outlets can be used for providing authorized repair service by tanning the staff of fuel outlet. . 2. 5. 2 Recommendations for auto finance organizationsi. The current system of Equated Monthly Installments, is meeting the requirements of urban consumers which are primarily fixed monthly income employees. The earning pattern of the rural consumers is different as it is seasonal. Therefore it is recommended that schemes where the option of quittance in unequaled installments, with a rider to make the complete repayment in a predefined period can be introduced. ii. The cooperative banks are generally very strong in rural India.It is recommended that captive auto finance companies can start exploring the possibilities of working with these banks. 6. 2. 5. 3Recommendations for policy plannersThe grow th in auto industry segment works as a catalyst for the entire manufacturing sector. This growth is meeting the two very important key objectives of the government e. g. Improved gross domestic product and more employment. It is therefore recommended that the policy planners in government should design the policies which can boost the sale of cars (small cars) in Indian ruler market.Some of the suggestions are as underi. It is recommended that in place of uniform road taxes throughout the state, a system of differential taxes based on the type of the area in which a personal vehicle is in use can be implemented. ii. To increase the use of cars, more priority should be also given to the roads connecting the villages to nearby cities. 221 iii. It is recommended that like cultivation equipments the soft loan schemes, for rural user to be extended for Personal Vehicles iv.Government should consider suitable tax incentives for the promotion of R & D in the automobile sector, which can b e directly attributed to suitable vehicle for Rural India 6. 2. 5. 4 Recommendations for prospective car buyers. i. The service backup is very necessary for the high technology based cars. It is therefore suggested that buyer should examine this aspect carefully. ii. The road conditions may very from the cities in the rural area. The car specifications required to be looked into, from this angle. 6. 3 Directions for prox/ Further Study i. The study pertains to study of sustainability of small cars in Indian automobile sector.This study opens the scope for conducting future researches on the sustainability of big cars MPVs, SUVs, LCVs and heavy vehicles. ii. The study is confined to conduct the study of market sustainability however, future studies may be undertaken for conducting the technical sustainability, social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and financial sustainability of small cars or any other product. iii. The study also opens the avenue of conducting such s tudy at international level covering different dimensions of sustainability of small cars. 222

The Democratic Republic

Politics or the art and science of government are very important to all of us, beca employment this willing affect the kind of life that we may able to have. Politics originated in Greece where democracy was first established. And as time passed by changes are made to the form of government and there are also other organizations that exist. One of this is the political party.A political party is a group organized to support certain policies on questions of public interest. The aim of the political party is to elect officials who will try to carry out the parties policies. The question may range from issues of peace, war, and taxes to how people should earn a living. A large political party has million of supporters. When people in a democracy disagree about what the government should do, each voter expresses his purview by voting for the candidate that supports his side of argument. (Flanders, 1989)An example of a political movement in the United States called the Democratic Party . This is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. It is the oldest political party in the United States.Since the 2006 midterm elections, the Democratic Party is the majority party for the hundred-and-tenth Congress the party transmits an outright majority in the House of Representatives and the Democratic caucus (including two independents) constitutes a majority in the United States Senate. Democrats also hold a majority of state governorships and control a plurality of state legislatures. In 2004, it was the largest political party, with 42.6 percent of 169 million registered voters claiming affiliation.The Democratic Party traces its origins to the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by doubting Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. Since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, it has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Pa rty in frugal as well as social matters. The economically left-leaning activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, has shaped much of the partys economic agenda since 1932.Roosevelts New weed coalition usually controlled the national government until 1964. The civil rights movement of the 1960s, championed by the party despite opposition at the time from its Southern wing, has continued to barrack the partys liberal principles. (Cited in http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_ (United_States), 2008)The goal of the democrats in the 2006 elections as chosen and not by votes but of what the country deal are the following To withdraw from Iraq and to use some of the money saved to fund security for Americans instead of living security for Iraqis and 50% reduction in CO2 within 10 years.Not unaccompanied do we have to implement but as well as to understood solutions at home, but must provide global incentives for other cou ntries to narrow their emissions, totally eliminate our dependence on foreign oil within 5 years, implement a favored policies of which lead to a high take of healthcare for all citizens at a reasonable cost, instead of business as usual, we want to adopt worldwide best practices.Wed adopted the highly successful policies of which the best educated children in the world, invest more money in homeland security inside the US than we are spending abroad, implement satisfying immigration reform, not stop-gap measures (like Frists approach), implement all the recommendations of the 9-11 committee, our foreign policy should be revamped so that we start making more friends than enemies, progress to energy independence within 10 years, e.g., adopt the recommendations of Amory Lovins or someone else who has credibility and knows how to get there, cheaper energy (both to fuel our cars and power our homes), e.g.Adopt the recommendations of Amory Lovins or someone else who has credibility and knows how to get there, increase funding for energy research, e.g., top universities complain that the funding for energy research hasnt increased at all and Bring US education up to foreign standards (i.e., achieve educational parity with foreign schools) within 10 years.Tactics are also made by the democrats for them to get the votes of the people. One of it was used by the democrats during the 2006 elections. And this is what theyve saidThe Democrats need your vote to make these bills a reality Elect us and we will end the Republican corruption that has led to higher energy prices, more dearly-won prescription drugs, an increased peril for our troops in Iraq. (Cited in http//skirsch.com/politics/ goals/goalsDemocrats.htm, 2008).Democrats have s great influence to the current presidential elections because the two candidates for this approach election belong from the democrats. These are Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senator from New York and former First Lady and Barack Obama, U.S. Senator from Illinois, and former Illinois State Senator.Democrats really have a great impact to American politics because they have a large number of supporters and are choosing the leaders who can improve the type of government they have or can defy them a better life. ( cited in http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party _(United States)_presidential _primaries,_2008,2008)

BPR and TQM in Commercial Construction Industry

The commercial message edifice constancy is the largest component of body structure industry in United States. The business started to gain popularity in the 1990s as the strong economic growth lead to strong demand toward the services in the industry. Companies worked at heart the industry vary from small contractors who use up annual revenue of $1 million, until the multinational corporations whose profits exceeded $1 billion each year. The industry is a weensy different with other components in the gimmick industry.For example, commercial construction cannot rely on shrinking interest rates to prevent the downside of an economic mint in the early 21st century. As people started spend less on new construction works, the industry degraded. Commercial construction is a rivalrous industry. Contractors generally employ sub-contractors, which can be divided into two types, group-up work subcontractors and finish-out work subcontractors. With stricter regulations and more tha n than specific demands from the consumers, business becomes more challenging for everyone.Projects become more complex and time constraints become more demanding. All of which lead to considerably smaller profit margin in the end. Dealing with these challenges, players in the commercial construction industry argon fearsome for a radical solution, one that allow for deliver them competitive advantages to survive the all the challenging demands. In this paper, I am providing two alternatives of solution for the commercial construction industry. The first alternative is Total Quality Management (TQM) and the second is Business Process Reengineering (BPR).Both of these alternatives are worldwide cognise managerial inventions designed to improve the timbre of corporate affectes. II. Challenges in Commercial Construction intentness Before we discuss how TQM and BPR could help companies improve their processes, I leave elaborate some of the challenges in commercial construction in dustry that collect to be addressed. II. 1. highschoolly Cyclical Demands The commercial construction business is highly moved(p) by the health of US economy. Surges and downturns have direct contribution toward the make up or decrease in revenues, expenses and profits.Economic trends also define the direction of the business. Some commercial construction companies try to tackle the issue by developing multiple specialties. However, the fixed cost invested in all of the specialties is nevertheless burdening the business. Furthermore, by having multiple specialties, companies have to manage costs more carefully to maintain profit in each one. II. 2. Uneven Revenues and Expenses Contractors of commercial construction are demanded to have considerable bill of working detonating device at their disposal at all times. This is important due to two reasons. First, the price of raw materials fluctuates constantly.Second, clients of the business could regulate to pay at random interva ls, without considerations of contractors requirements. In large projects, the cash flow is even larger and thus created the need for careful cost management. II. 3. Availability of Skilled violence Personnel availability has always been an issue in the construction industry. This is due to the poor image of construction workers all over the globe. Nevertheless, with the increasing complexities of construction work and the need for more skilful construction workers, the issue of personnel availability has never been so important.Management cannot afford to use unskilled labor to fulfill complex demands from clients. Thus, homework periods and becoming more important and also cost management to perform persona training sessions. II. 4. Consolidation of Projects With the increasingly high competitive press, many contractors decide to submit to consolidation process, and other contractors fall into the role of sub-contractors. This created an unexpected risk. As construction contrac ts becomes fewer and larger, cash flow management of each project becomes a lot harder to manage and financial risks of each project also increases.Today, many commercial construction companies depend of only some(prenominal) annual contracts for approximately portions of their revenues. II. 5. High Insurance Costs The commercial construction business is characterized by high insurance cost. Contractors are demanded to pay high premiums for many insurance policies, including general liability, workers insurance, etcetera This insurance problem is worsen by the material and installation defects issues and unqualified workers. Thus management cannot afford to have poor bookkeeping and cost management. II. 6. investment in TechnologyTo serve the increasing demand for unique and modern feature of constructions, contractors in the commercial construction business must invest more firmly in high technology. This poses as another challenge for contractors because prices of equipment a re also become more expensive and more vary. Contractors would need to make more capital investment management more diligently and more carefully. (Industry Over skyline, 2006) III. Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is a company-wide approach to note improvement in corporate processes and activities.The conception has become a way of doing business for companies in various industries all over the globe to improve the theatrical role of corporate processes in all departments and functional areas. Despite to the large nature of differences in corporate processes in different industries, Total Quality Management defines several functions that have become common features of all managerial structure. These defined corporate functions will whence become the focus of process improvements. The common functions that become the centralize of attention in TQM are 1. Serving customersThe focus of all companies whether they are manufacturing or services companies is to aim f or their customers satisfaction. In the basis of this principle, management must scan that categorizing business into manufacturing and service are actually senseless. The more important thing to achieve is clearly identifying specific customers of the corporation and also their needs and preferences. TQM consumes corporate managers to improve focus on this particular activity through market researches, surveys and other studies. Management must constantly learn about their customers 2.Top Management Role in Quality Improvement All business reforms started with the superlative degree managers and can only be maintained by constant and sufficient participation from the top managers. This includes spirit management efforts. Top managers have the key function of providing direction and motivation for their subordinates. Employees will only participate when they already comprehend the importance of execute improvements. TQM invites managers to understand the crucial nature of the ir actions in quality improvements and thus, making the necessary adjustments to achieve the defined targets.3. Employee Participation After ensuring top management are doing their part in the quality improvement process, TQM takes us to focus on employees and how they have participate in support of the effort. Employees are the final station where products and services are be quiet in the organic laws control. Thus, if they have sufficient commitment not to allow the spread of poor quality products and services, then there would be little chances that customers will ever discover unsatisfied products or services delivered to them. 4. Identifying Quality Issues and Developing SolutionsEvery company has a ashes designed to discover poor quality. The remains is generally built from a cross section of various functions within the organizations so that their combined attention will be able to identify quality defects more diligently and furthermore, suggest possible solutions. TQM i nvites managers to take advantage of the system and focus on developing their potential into maximum. In the new quality system, top management must also take part in defining quality defects, discovering existing opportunities for improvements and formulate possible solutions. 5.Employee Training and Employee Management Even the most highly automated companies require skilful and highly motivated employees to run their processes. TQM bring focus on employee management processes to increase the quality of corporate operations as a whole. First, management should develop their employee training process as corporate targets changes. Second, organizations should provide continuous educational support even to the longer-time employees. Third, organizations should design a working environment where employees would have a sense of pride when they are doing a good job.Fourth, management must ensure that the compensation system is transport sufficient motivation to attract creativity and f resh ideas from employees. (Hammer, 1993) The perspectives of TQM elaborated above will assist managers within the Commercial Construction business to deal with the challenges of their environment. For precedent ? The first perspective of customer service can realign managers perspective in the commercial construction business in how to do their job. Managers of the commercial construction business could begin to see that all their construction work are but means to satisfy clients.Thus, they will begin to involve client more actively in their decision making processes. ? The second perspective of TQM, which is improving top management involvement in business processes, can develop managerial sensitivity on employees workload. If managers can understand their employees better, they will be more considerate in making consolidation decisions and technology investments ? The third perspective of TQM will help managers in the commercial construction industry to better integrate with th eir employees in performing business processes.Employees must be informed of the corporate targets and goals so they can be more motivated in performing their work, knowing that they will make meaningful contribution for the organization as a whole. ? The ordinal perspective or TQM can help management in discovering cost reduction opportunities in the midst of the more demanding business environments, especially when consolidation projects are extensively performed. ? The fifth perspective of TQM aligns perfectly with managerial sentiments of the commercial construction business to enhance training and education to ensure that each process is managed by highly qualified personnel.As complexity level enhances, this focus becomes more vital. IV. Business Process Reengineering IV. 1. Definition Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is a quality improvement system, the same as Total Quality Management (TQM). It is a management approach to improve the quality of processes by focusing on qualification and effectiveness of the process that exist across the organization. Many find difficulties in differentiating between TQM and BPR, but in most articles regarding BPR, it is always elaborated that BPR has a more radical view about business processes and its encumbrance necessities.According to BPR, business should define their core processes and focus solely on those activities. Other activities that do not add value to products or services being produced are considered waste. IV. 2. The need for BPR Oneil (1999) identified that there are actually three kinds of BPR causes. These causes can be explained by the conditions in which the organization finds itself ? First, companies invite BPR concept and its implementation because they have no choice.These companies find themselves in deep trouble and they have no choice but to design changes in a depth and magnitude level that some would call radical. This is why the concept is referred to as Business Process Reenginee ring. ? Second, companies are not in trouble only but they perceived clearly that the future would be problematic. ? Third, the company is actually in its peak position, but they see opportunities to develop a competitive ring over their competitors III. 3. Implementation of BPR A short model of implementing BPR will be described in this subchapter 2.Define mission and vision statement that contains the unique value of the organization in comparison with others 3. Build clear business strategy based on this mission and vision statement thus generating project objectives 4. Define core processes that will help the organization in achieving these project objectives 5. Producing key performance measures to measure cost-benefit relationship of the processes 6. Improving effectiveness and efficiency of the processes using the performance measures At a glance, these steps seem to be similar to other process development stages.In BPR however, the strong focus is on how to radically impro ve effectiveness and efficiency by driving out all costs and activities that do not constitute the vital necessities of the processes (Chan, 1997). III. 4. Role of Information Technology in BPR BPR experts argued that BRP is different then TQM and other process improvement concepts because of its strong focus over the efficiency of the core processes. One of the well-known sentiments of BPR is that information technology should not be use unless it produces efficiency improvement toward corporate processes.BPR experts stated that in the midst of modern business environment, organizations sometimes implement IT system because of its popularity, failing to recognize the advantages produced by the IT system for organizational processes. BPR fight against those practices in the modern business environment (Davenport, 1990) III. 5. Critics In some literatures, BPR is also criticized due to its radical nature. For instance, most of the companies implementing BPR are discovered performing massive layoffs to enhance their process efficiencies.Observers believed that implementing BPR without other balancing concepts will lead to only short term benefits because BPR focus mostly on the financial doer of value production. The use of other concepts like the Balance Score Card should enhance BPRs benefits toward organizations. III. 6. Benefits for Commercial Construction Business The use of BPR is perceived to be very much suitable for the construction industry due to the hard and highly competitive nature of the environment. Furthermore, it has been stated that the BRP concept is suitable for organizations in desperate need for radical cost reduction and process development.One of the supporting factors is that the construction industry usually employs workers on the basis of short term contract. Thus, using the BRP concept, managers could increase the efficiency of their processes without having to worry about laying-off long-term employees. The construction industry is also complex with hundreds of types of material and service costs that can be evaluated through the BPR concept. With the juvenile development of consolidations and usage of Information Technology, BPR will also assist managers in evaluating which costs are really beneficial and which should be considered waste.V. Conclusion The commercial construction business is the most competitive sector of the construction industry. Lately, the business sector is faced with serious challenges that require managements attention. These challenges threaten the survival of organizations within the business sector. In order to face those challenges, we suggest that companies within the sector turn to Total Quality Management and Business Process Engineering. These are quality improvement concepts designed to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes throughout the organization.TQM and BPR are rooted from the same idea, but they focus on different pressure points. BPR has a m ore urgent sense within it steps. It is a concept practiced by companies in need of a radical change in their business processes, in order to survive upcoming challenges. It focuses on the financial aspect of core business processes and driving-out costs other than vital ones. Some believed the concept to be harsh and insensitive to other aspects like maintaining pleasant working environment, etc. Nevertheless, its contribution is undeniable to modern companies today.TQM on the other hand, is a concept developed by the Japanese, along with the JIT and kaizen concept. It focuses on continuous process improvements which stronger sense of long-term orientations. Applied together, these concepts will assist managers of the commercial construction business in improving their operational processes and facing their challenges in the form of increasing business complexities. Bibliography Chan, S. L. , C. F. Choi, 1997. A conceptual and analytical framework for business process reengineering , International daybook Production Economics, vol.50, p. 211 223. Davenport, Thomas & Short, J. (1990), The New Industrial Engineering Information Technology and Business Process Redesign, in Sloan Management Review, Summer 1990, pp 11-27 Hammer, Carter, Usry. 1994. Cost Accounting. SouthWestern. Industry Overview. 2006. MSG. Retrieved August 12, 2008 from http//www. msgcpa. com/general. php? category=Industry+Library&headline=Construction+-+Commercial ONeill, P. , and A. S. Sohal, 1999. Business Process Reengineering A review of recent literature, Technovation, vol. 19, p. 571581.

Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Essay

Today we have the pleasure of discussing the Evolution of Health business organization Information Systems. Specifically we will review a equation and contrast of a health c ar facilities trading operations today with the operations of it 20 long time past. We will define HCIS as well as number at several(predicate) health discipline systems today and major events and technological advantages that have influenced current Health Care Information Systems (HCIS) practices. We will learn how health bearing information systems have shaped the delivery of health care today so that we may be a part of the solution. Health Care Information SystemsTo truly understand the benefit of Health Care Information Systems, it is critical that a clear understanding of its true definition is learned. We know that entropy consists of raw events about people, places, events and other things that are of importance in any organization. When that data is processed into a more meaningful form, it i s then called information and erect be the basis for decision making. According to Wager, Lee & Glaser (2009), a health care information system (HCIS) is an ar roll upment of information (data), processes, people, and information engineering that move to collect, process, store, and provide as output information needed to post the health care organization. To further put things into perspective, there are two primary feather classes of health care information systems and they are administrative and clinical. Although they are both health care information systems, they perform totally different functions and contain different information.An administrative information system would contain information specific to financial data or administrative that would help to support management and general operations of the health care organization. These systems might support personnel management, supply management, equipment or human resources management. Clinical information systems are ver y different from administrative in thatthey contain information that is clinical in nature or health-re youthfuld that is used by health care providers when diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients care. Wager, Lee & Glaser, (2009). Another interesting fact about clinical information systems is that these systems can be departmental such as radiology, pharmacy or laboratory systems. Wager, Lee, & Glaser, (2009). Skilled Nursing Facilities 20 years laterSkilled Nursing Facilities have made leaps and bounds in significant changes over the past 20 years. tan Memorial Hospital, which is now Tanner Health System is nothing like it originated 20 years back and has now transformed into a health system with all its specialties and wide range of services currently offered. It did not offer inpatient behavioral care in the same capacity as today and in fact, when the new Willowbrooke at Tanner opened in Villa Rica, GA, it was the newest facility of its kind in the last 20 years and cons isted of beds for adults, elder adults, children and adolescents. Tanner Health Systems, (2012). Information engine room was sulky to take off 20 years ago in the health care industry. Skilled nursing facilities were doing things manually which was hand written documentation or typewritten. This is quite different from today when information technology has exploded and continues to expand and develop at a rapid pace.According to Sheehan (2011), until recent years technology was not a subject that was often mentioned in the long term care environment. There was a perception that the LTC industry is somewhat of a late adaptor of technological advancements. Today all that is changing due to provider demand, vendor interest and a growing number of tech-savvy seniors. (Sheehan, 2011). Although 20 years ago skilled nursing facilities may have been falling behind in recognizing the vital importance of implementing information systems, today skilled nursing facilities relay to a great ex tent on technology like telemedine or tele-health. Many facilities that are in rural areas are really dependent on telemedicine and tele-health. Billing operation systems, clinical and administrative information systems are now a necessity for successful daily operations and skilled nursing relies heavily on information technology to process payroll, employee records, updating patient care and treatment plans, insurance and personal information.During the 1980s, health care systems were for collecting data about patient demographics, insurance information and other information for billing purposes. Today, current health care information systems offer a more flexible and sophisticated framework. There is no thirster the daunting tasks of writing things manually and other administrative duties that were time consuming. We now have sophisticated systems that are capable of handling clinical decision support systems, archiving communication systems, and digitization of diagnostic image s. (Hebda, Czar, & Mascara, 2009). 20 years ago, doctors were a bit reluctant to share patient information with other doc practices, today physician practices are finding creative and innovative ways to exchange patient health information in a timely, efficient and secured manner which enhances coordination of patient care. The murder of electronic aesculapian record systems prevents the delays attributed to traditional mail or faxing paper medical records. These health care information systems help physician practices to effectively and expeditiously share information that can reduce health care costs as well as improve patient care. Two Major event and Technological AdvantagesA major event that influence health care information systems is the enactment of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This law plays a pivotal role in regulating, and increasing the confidentiality, and securing of health care data (HIPAA, 2003). With the ability to pay and sub mit claims electronically, there was a definite need for defend data and it was apparent. Before HIPAA came along, the rules and regulations were quite different from state to state and between health care organizations. There was no consistency and the need for regulation was clear from all stakeholders involved. Another major event was in 2004 when President Bush asked health care providers to implement Electronic Health Records (EHR) by 2014.The Joint equip for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) joined the initiative and also asked health care providers to be compliant with the new legislation. Many community-based physician practices that were once reluctant to correct to the implementation of new technology are now realizing the many benefits ofthe health care information systems like computerized physician order entry (CPOE), electronic medical records (EMR), tele-medicine and automated billing systems. The implementation of tele-health and telemedicine brought about many advances in healthcare and continue to prove to be a needed health resource. ConclusionThe growing of health care information systems will continue to have a positive effect and a huge significance to the health care industry. Tele-health and telemedicine are major events that have shaped todays delivery of health care and HIPAA laws will continue to protect the rights of patients and their personal information. In the Mid 1980s and early 1990s, physician practices would not have imagines that Health Care Information Systems would play such a vital role in shaping the delivery of health care and yet, here we are.ReferencesCzar, P., & Mascara, C. (2009). Handbook of informatics for nurses & health care professionals (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall HIPAA.org (February 12, 2003).HIPAA. Retrieved July 13, 2014 from http//www.hipaa.org/ Sheehan, P. (2011, July). Technology takes off in health care. semipermanent Living, Retrieved from http//ww w.ltlmagazine.com/article/technology-takes-long-term-care Hebda, T., Tanner.org (2012) Retrieved July 12, 2014 from http//www.tanner.org/Main/History.aspx Wager, K. A., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health care information systems A practical approach for health care management. (2nd ed.). (pp. 87-90). San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass Wiley.

Social Work Student

In this essay I give discuss how I feel that I discombobulate developed in the flesh(predicate)ly and headmasterly as a favor fitted seduce student during the first level of the degree course. I entrust do this by means of examination of meditative accounts recorded during the side learning opportunity. I believe that the map of reflection has been very significant in enhancing my personal skills and learning around my own set. I too believe that the course has instilled me with much egotism sentience and has given me a amend understanding of how I am perceived by former(a)s.I arrest learned that through anti tyrannical exercise, hearty contributeers are able to promote inclusion by challenging discrimination and inequalities. In this essay, I give examine the methods, tools, and techniques that I have learned to date. I will conclude by discussing my leave-takingicular learning ask and plan for the remainder of the course. As part of this, I will consider m y learning style and the necessary methods I will utilise to bridge the learning gaps. As well as benefiting from the academician aspects of the course, I believe that the work organisation has been hugely significant in my personal and overlord development.During the placement learning opportunity I was based with a social worker in a small unit attached to a hospital. The unit specialises in palliative care improvements to patients and carers who are stirred by life threatening illnesses. I was also fortunate to have the opportunity to liaise with many other agencies that were in some way doctord to to the organisation. During the first grade of the course I have become much aware of the importance of personal and professional development.I agree with Thompson (2002), who states that the development of personal and professional skills is fundamental to becoming a competent social worker and making the transition from student to practitioner. Therefore professional develop ment is native to social work students and practitioners to increase and revise their knowledge and skills. Attention must be paid to enhancing our abilities to ensure progression occurs on a professional and a personal front. It is of import that individuals develop professionally.Taylor emphasizes this (2010, pg 66) by quoting that students or qualifiedpractitioners cannot solely rely upon personal experience. He continues with we need to develop our professional knowledge, otherwise conducting our lend oneselfs solely upon personal experiences will run the risk of bias Professionally, I feel I have matured by transferring skills from previous employments to my present role of student. Throughout my running(a) career I have had experience functional in nursing and palliative care. Although these are loosely cerebrate to social work by law of being in the healthcare industry, when I embarked on the course, I didnt feel that I had the necessary experience to draw from.Howeve r, I have increasingly grown to realise that there are indeed some key skills that I have be able to transfer and apply to this social work degree course and in the placement. I believe that another area of improvement in my professional development is my understanding of principles and key concepts in social work practice such as poverty, social exclusion, and accountability. I have a much deeper comprehension of taxs including empowerment, rights, respect, confidentiality and honesty. I am able to coalesce them into all aspects of social work instruction and am highly aware of the issues skirt conflicting values.I am much more familiar with the Codes of Practice for Wales (2003) as a result of identifying them and relating them to practice. In relation to professional development, it is also suggested in the Codes of Practice (2003) that as social care workers, we must undertake relevant training to maintain and improve knowledge and skills to contributing to the learning and development of others. During my work placement period, I was involved in meetings with many different volume working in different streams of the organisation. Additionally, the work placement has also helped me understand how multi-professions collaborate.This has helped me start to appreciate the diversity of a social workers role. From a professional perspective, I also believe that the ECDL training courses have been very beneficial. I envisage that the day to day work of a social worker will involve the use of software such as Microsoft Word for reports etc. I also believe that a basic understanding of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint will be very useful for creating professional presentations. The academic aspects of the course will try for plentifuly prepare me for the professional demands of social work as my knowledge piecemeal builds over the remainder of the course.In addition to this, self reflection, planning, self evaluation and academic learning such as lectur es, essay writing, work placement, will help me observe in becoming a responsible, assertive social worker. As far as my personal development is concerned I feel that there has been a marked improvement in my contribution to words and debates. Although some of the subject areas discussed have been extremely challenging, such as issues related to children, I feel that over the year I have started to feel that I have a lot more to offer as my understanding of the subject matter has increased.I feel better placed to question and challenge other peoples opinions on ethical matters and am also far more confident when having to make presentations to the group. I also feel that advancements in my personal development are vital. Thompson (2002, pg66) discusses the importance of it, it is just as important as professional development. Learning provides us with a basis for personal growth and development by facilitating and encouraging self cognizance. It also helps us to promote self este em and a positive self reach.As a student, I understand that I am responsible for my own personal and professional development in conjunction with the material delivered on the course. It is important that I continue to improve my standard of practice by embracing all characters of learning opportunities available. Social work is a profession that continues to miscellany and develop rapidly Trevithick (2002). Social workers are involved with individuals who are often in situations where there is high risk, complexity, stress, uncertainty and conflicts. Analytical skills and knowledge are needful to assess and make judgement in these situations.Legislation and research is constantly changing and it is imperative that social workers are well informed of any modifications. If we dont develop personally and professionally and do not keep pace of these changes we will increasingly become more and more out of touch with the reality of clients lives and therefore less equipped to unde rtake our duties (Thompson 2009). check has been described as being central to straightforward social work practice, but only if exertion results from that reflection (Horner 2007). Having the ability to reflect appropriately and effectively is a vital component to developing professionally and maturing personally.Reflective practice is imperative because practitioners have important roles and the finality we make approximately service uses should be thoroughly thought through. Reflection helps us to minimise risk and to prevent adopting off the peg solutions to practice (Thompson 2009). Reflection supports developing our knowledge and learning from the errors of practice. We can develop ways in which we can empower individuals, be anti discriminatory and have anti dictatorial approaches to practice. Interrogation of our actions will provide us with critical feedback and help us assess and evaluate our learning, ultimately enhancing our practice (Oko 2008).Schon (1991) as cite d in Adams et al (2009) breaks experience the notion of reflective practice. Firstly, reflection-in-action involves reflecting as the action proceeds. This will evidently help us to identify new aspects of the situation and thinking them through while go on with the action. Secondly, Schon writes about reflection-on-action which involves considering what and why something happened after the event has occurred and the importance of translating this information into knowledge (Knott and Scragg 2010).Reflection is a tool that has allowed me to articulate knowledge from theory in a more meaningful way. I recognize that reflection does not always provide answers but does lead to new understanding. It has helped me challenge the reality of theory whilst on placement and through actual experience. An example I can demonstrate this with is that in social work theory, services should be needs-led as opposed to resource-led (Trevithick 2002). However in reality, resource constraints that op erate in some local authorities make this unrealistic. In reality demands far exceed the supply.Reflecting back on the experience of the placement and working in palliative care, at terms I did feel quite tense and despondent. I had not worked intensively in those settings for some time and in some ways it was a relief as the placement came to an end, not to be discussing death, diagnosis and prognosis. I often questioned how my practice assessor managed to succeed goals and practice effectively whilst dealing with such emotive cases. There was one occasion when chatting with a service user who had had a terminal diagnosis, she became quite inconsiderate and frank about her prognosis.I didnt feel that I was fully prepared for her to start discussing her prognosis with me. Whilst, I felt very uncomfortable having the conversation I did remain professional and controlled. I was concerned that she may become distressed or that I would not manage the situation appropriately. Looking back on this experience, I am much more aware of the importance of reflecting upon emotions and hopefully this will help me to manage emotive situations appropriately in future. Self awareness is a way in which we are able to explore our own personalities, traits, beliefs, inclinations, values and tendencies (Oko 2008).It is important that we are aware and are able to observe ourselves and the image that we portray to others. Without effective self awareness skills I am not going to be conscious of the ways in which I persuade people and the signals I indirectly transmit. Self awareness will also allow me to build upon areas of strength and identify areas that may need yelling. Unless social workers are able to be aware of areas of vulnerability it is likely that they will be unable to react and respond to the service user objectively (Taylor 2008). Whilst on placement I encountered a service users son who was a substance misuser.I have previously worked in a drug rehabilitation c entre and my experiences of the philia were not good as I was threatened and intimidated on many occasions. Whilst observing the situation on placement I quickly became soused and frustrated by him. At the time, I felt that he was selfish bearing in mind his mothers terminal illness. I found myself thinking about my job in the rehab center which brought back uncomfortable memories. I did not write or discuss this with my practice assessor as I didnt want to dedicate any time thinking about such negative experiences.On reflection, I now understand that it is my responsibility to confront such issues otherwise I will not successfully continue as a competent social worker student. I am aware that this encounter triggered an contrary reaction and I am committed to resolving these issues. Lishman 1994 as cited in Trevithick (2000) pg 84 states that failure to be self aware and confront such issues will lead to falling into pockets of distress that will lead to inattention, poor listen ing and inappropriate actions.I am able to see the connection between self awareness and managing prejudice, discrimination and oppressive practice. I am aware that I did not have a great deal of empathy for particular groups in society and forrader the course started admittedly I did feel that certain individuals in society may have contributed to the crisiss that they found themselves in. I felt that these citizens did not consume prioritization or merit support and guidance from a care service as I felt that there were other more deserving individuals.I have grown to understand that my judgments and thoughts were unjustified. By being more self aware and using reflection, I am able to be clear of my own values and how they may shape my practice. As I progress, I feel that by working with these groups of people that I will to grow to understand how and why individuals suffer themselves in these situations. I will continue to strive to develop my knowledge and hopefully as I pro gress, I will take time to check myself and learn more about human behaviour. Whilst on placement, I was unaware of any form of oppression or anysignificant injustice issues. Dominelli (1996) pg states that anti oppressive practice is a form of social work practice which addresses social divisions and structural inequalities in the work that is done with people whether they are users (clients) or workers. AOP aims to provide more appropriate and sensitive services by responding to peoples needs regardless of their social status. Reflecting back I recall a situation that occurred with a service user who was terminally ill. He had expressed a need to die at home.Whilst visiting the gentleman with my practice assessor, a community healthcare professional was present. It became apparent that the professional was eager for the service user to be admitted into hospital. She portrayed a negative image of being nursed at home and persistently pointed out the problems that she envisaged. I personally felt that this was because there would be a lot more pressure upon her workload to care for him and make the necessary calls end-to-end the day. It later became apparent that the community professional were experiencing difficulties with staff sicknesses.This was his final wish to die at home and in my opinion she was using her authority to influence him to be admitted for her own benefit. I believe that her workload pressured her to do this. He was disadvantaged, very poorly and with very little to strength to debate this issue with her. At the time, I didnt connect this to oppressive practice where the other professional exercised inappropriate use of power. I am now more aware of issues surrounding continuing healthcare and funding. I now feel that I am much more alert to these issues and in the future I would question other individuals actions.Anti oppressive practise begins with understanding myself and aspects of society were oppression is embedded. As a social wo rk student, I will strive to value and promote every human being and their rights to be respected. I will attempt to work towards combating oppressive practice by acting as an index and practice methods of inclusion. I will try to ensure that I do not contribute to such acts and will become more aware of social divisions, power differences and the relationship between the myself and service users (Adams et al).As part of my progression as a student, I have identified many areas that I need to address and expand upon during the remainder of the course. In order to successfully address these learning needs I have studied a learning model naturalized by Kolb (1975). He suggests that there are four types of concepts that are needed to be effective learners. These include concrete experience, observation and reflection, abstract conceptualisation and officious experimentation (Knott and Scragg 2010). I will attempt to adopt his hypothesis to make the learning process a more straightfo rward procedure.The main learning needs I have identified are firstly developing my understanding of theories and acknowledging the importance of the role that they play in practice. Initially I was apprehensive about making links but now I feel more confident as I approach the next stage. I wish to relate and recognize the connections between significant theories and social work thinking and practice and problem solving. I will achieve through this through lectures, reading and from practice on the level 6 placement. I also wish to become more aware of issues surrounding children and young people.More specifically, a deeper understanding of safeguarding issues and the legislation and policies related to this that shapes and guide social work duties. This will be achieved through lectures, learning actual legislation from books, documents and through placement (if this is the area in which I am allocated). I would also like to become more aware of social work in the Welsh context an d familiarise myself with cultures in Wales. The overall submit of the Welsh population is older, poorer and in worse health that the entire UK (Scourfield 2008).I want discover why this is the case and how it impacts upon social work practice. I also wish to learn more about different identities and ethnic groups living in Wales and develop a better understanding of the use of languages and how these compare to other regions in the UK. I also think it is important that I build upon my existing knowledge of the Codes of Practice for Wales (2003), and have the ability to instinctively relate them to practice. This will achieved through lectures, reading literature and hands on learning whilst in practice.In addition to trying to adopt the Kolb learning method, I completed a questionnaire to establish what type of learner I was. After reading Honey and Mumford (1995) literature I was not able to categorise myself into one particular learning style or preference but was able to relate to aspects of all categories. My knowledge and skills will develop with experience over the forthcoming years. I will take full advantage of placement to maximize my learning. I will try to become more observant of others by studying them.I will try to adopt good techniques and practice when I identify them and also to learn from bad practice. I will attempt to make the most of tutorials and supervision particularly in the discussion of emotive, stress and management issues. Additionally, I will try to develop and improve my reflective. To conclude it can be stated that personal and professional development is an essential part of social work practice. Due to the complex nature of social work and the diversity of human behaviour, it is imperative that students and qualified practitioners continue to progress aboard an ever changing society.Reflection is an important catalyst to support social workers in enhancing their practice. I am much more self aware and familiar with adopting anti- oppressive methods of practice. Whilst I am pleased with my progression to date, I am fully aware that I have many unmet learning needs which I hope to address throughout the remainder of the course. I am enthusiastic about the journey ahead and look forward to learning the skills that will enable me to plunk my social work career.