My Experience With My Friends - 1539 Words

Growing up I could identify my friends whom I found to be more sensitive, friendly and imaginative. These were the friends that I could turn to when I had a problem I needed to talk through or someone who was sincere and honest in their advice while being mindful of my feelings. I could also identify with these friends because I have always been one to make sure everyone else is taken care of before myself. These â€Å"blues† are the most genuine people I have met throughout life, but I have also found in my classroom. Just three days ago, one of my students answered a question that normally does not volunteer to participate. He answered correctly and his fellow peer whom he is not within the same social circle could not be more proud of him. She was astonished and proud of his answer and continued to whisper (loudly) across the room good job with her thumbs up until he realized her recognition and smiled back with a thank you. I was so proud to have this student in my classroom showing such compassion for another student. This generation is criticized for only thinking of themselves and although not untrue, it is moments like that, that remind me of how lucky I am to have blues in the classroom. As blues strengths including caring for others and sharing their emotions are compromised by them feeling hurt or treated unjustly, they take it personally. It’s important to reassure and validate their feelings. Lastly are the students who carefully analyze my words, actions,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience Of Having Friends And Best Friends757 Words   |  4 PagesI’m going to tell you my personal experience, about having friends and best friends. In my case I no longer have friends or best friends. I don’t consider having friends for a couple reasons and you will find out why. I think that I’m better off being somewhat anti-social. It seems to work out a whole lot better for me. One main reason, I don’t consider having any friends are because now a nowadays loyalty is hard to find in a person. My best friend and I, had been friends since we were eleven yearsRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of Having Friends And Best Friends751 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to tell you about my personal experience, about having friends and best friends. In my case I no longer have friends or best friends. I don’t even consider having any for a couple reasons and you will find out why. I think that I’m better off being somewhat anti-social. It seems to work out a whole lot better for me. One main reason, I don’t consider having any friends is because now a day’s loyalty is hard to find in a person. My best friend and I, had been friends since we were eleven yearsRead MoreLife Changing Experience With My Family And My Friend2090 Words   |  9 Pagesa life changing experience with my family and my friend Jenny in Oregon. My intention of this vacation was to show Jenny the beautiful Oregon views and spend time with my family who moved there two years ago. We rarely see my aunt and uncle because school and work often get in the way. However, we booked a trip for last August and flew out to spend two weeks with them. I am thankful for this experience because I am now a different person. During the car ride from the airport my uncle asked us whatRead MorePersonal Complishment : My Personal Experience In My Best Friend701 Words   |  3 Pagessparked a period of personal growth and a new understanding was to my best friend and myself especially, was the act of helping one another and other people as well. What I mean by this, is the fact that my best friend was so behind in school during our Sophomore year that the only thing that he wanted was to make his mom proud. One day he came up to me asking for a favor and I told him sure why not. That is when he told me he could use my help out to get his grades up. I did not even have to think aboutRead MoreMy Social Dance Experience : Dancing At A Barn Owned By My Friend1022 Words   |  5 PagesFor my social dance experience, I am going to discuss dancing at a friend’s wedding that I just recently attended. The dancing occurred during the reception following the wedding and took place at a barn owned by my friendà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Pastor. The barn was meticulously decorated with burlap, lights, and much more. The people dancing were mainly middle class Caucasian people. The age groups dancing ranged from teenagers to people around 50 years-old. I chose this dance event to participate in and analyze becauseRead MoreMy Experience With A Soccer Ball Has Been Best Friends For Years1347 Words   |  6 Pages My two feet and a soccer ball have been best friends for years. Playing soccer with my friends, even now, is what I have always enjoyed doing. During middle school and early high school, though, I was totally deprived of the opportunity to take part in any competition as the ‘good players’ in my school did not consider me ‘good enough’, even though they had never seen me play. All I could do was keep doing what I did in the hope that someday, someone would notice me and let me play just once. Read MoreThe Call By Regina Spector948 Words   |  4 PagesFriends are Forever Friends are people that is important to all of human kind, they shares memories each other. Start from the first day we meet with friends, we write new memories with new friends and there is no end of writing memories with friends. The song â€Å"The Call† by Regina Spector reminds me to my High School friends, start from the first day of school we had many new memories that we shares, until the end of the school day with friends we still have new memories to shares with. Regina wroteRead MoreThe Bell Jar By Sylvia Plath1329 Words   |  6 Pagessuicide. 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In all, I will have talked about what went well in high school, some challenges, my college experiences and also how my professors would describeRead MoreMy Family : My Father s Dad1299 Words   |  6 PagesI only know my history through pictures of what I have seen. The only picture that I did not know was my father’s dad. My father’s dad pasted away before I was born. My mom as a kid went to church and so did my aunt. I havenâ €™t really been in a church other than Christmas and Easter or when I used to visit my Aunt Karen. But she passed away too soon. Most are from family members I know. I grew up really close to my family. They helped me be who I am today because of how we interacted together and

Critique On Kerzner Office Equipment - 1270 Words

Introduction Answers to the four questions in the case study on Kerzner Office Equipment rely on the references cited for substantiation. In addition, repeated corporate training and prior personal experience in situational leadership informs the answer to Question 2. 1. Critique Critique Brigg’s management of the first meeting. What, if anything, should she have done differently? This project could have been kicked off with a bang. Amber Briggs could have focused on five areas to improve her kick-off meeting. By not conducting research on similar projects, to lack of involvement by senior management at the meeting, to the location selected for the kick-off meeting, to delivering too much information about budgeting, and finally, failing to create and send a formal agenda prior to the meeting, Amber Briggs is now struggling for a whimper. First, by not conducting research before the kick-off meeting, or creating a project charter for stakeholders to sign, Ms. Briggs failed to gather all the information necessary for the meeting. She also will not have the benefit of lessons learned from similar projects (Dow and Taylor, p. 112). The case study reveals little effort on anyone’s part to setting up a repository for project documentation. Instead, Ms. Briggs intends to learn new software that may have some benefit for scheduling. Second, Ms. Briggs and the project owner, David Brown, should have made a joint presentation at the first meeting. The appearance (and a fewShow MoreRelatedTotal Quality Management (Tqm) in Hospitality Industry: a Study of the Application of Tqm in  a Hotels  Engineering Department and Its  Effects on  Hotel Performance18578 Words   |  75 Pageshotels, were interviewed. This research revealed that the major role of the engineering department is to ensure the efficient operation of all physical plants including electrical, mechanical, fire, hygiene and safety systems as well as production equipment; it plays a key role in providing a comfortable and safe environment for occupants including guests and staff. Comfort and safety are the essential factors in the decision making when people select hotels; therefore, the effectiveness of engineeringRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesskills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure [9.1.3] 9.1.1 Organization charts 1.4.4 Project offices Chapter 4 9.2 Building the team (.1.3) [3.5.3] [App G.2 Building teams] 9.4 Managing the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards

Amazon Web Services Management and Sla Provisions

Questions: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. Answers: Executive Summary The contents of this report are based on the assessment of the management requirements and the existing service level agreement (SLA) provisions of Amazon Web Services (AWS). AWS provides a user friendly, flexible, and cost-effective cloud computing platform. Amazon Web Services have well defined best practices policy that an organization in this case, Department of Spatial Information (DSI) will have to follow so as to benefit from the cloud computing platform. AWS recommends that for an organization to be contented with the cloud computing services offered by different vendors, it is necessary that they consider carrying out an operational assessment before the launch of its application in this case, Online Spatial Delivery Services (OSDS) to the cloud computing platform. This can effectively be done using different operations checklists. The general operational checklists provided by Amazon Web Services include; the basic operations checklist that will enable DSI to evaluate the s pecific services and features of OSDS application before launching it on the cloud computing platform. The other operational checklist is the enterprise operations checklist which will help the DSI to establish an effective cloud migration and operation strategy before moving its application to the Amazon Web Services cloud computing platform. In general this report has outlined various AWS cloud computing requirements that DSI will have to consider before moving its OSDS to the platform. The assessment of these requirements will cover remote administration, application resilience, and resource management among other requirements. The report has also outlined a summary of the benefits and risks associated with the use of a cloud computing platform. Remote Administration This refers to the process of managing and controlling a computer from a distant (remote) location. The need to have more systems that are remotely controlled has been on the rise and this has led to an increase in the development of software that can be used to a system from a distance. To achieve this, an organization should consider having an effective network access strategy. Network access Computer systems hosting the Online Service Delivery System need to be connected via the internet so that they can be remotely managed and controlled. This will involve enabling the application on the client system and the IP address assigned to the host or the serve should be known. Based on Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklist, DSI will have to ensure that there is connectivity from the organizations environment to Amazon Web Services. Therefore, an organization should ensure that it has the required hardware and software before moving to a cloud computing platform. AWS provides a variety of connectivity options that an organization can choose from. For instance, AWS recommends the use of two connectivity options that is, high availability option and fault tolerance. This ensures that the Online Service Delivery System is always running regardless of a fault occurring. In this case, therefore, for effective remote administration the DSI network access strategy should consider the following AWS requirements; It should incorporate the use of Amazon EC2 classic and Amazon Virtual Private (VPC) environments Have network connectivity and controls between DSI and AWS network It should make use of OS access controls such as Amazon EC2 security group rules, VPC network access control lists, and monitoring software configuration among others. Resource Management This is the effective utilization of an organizations available resources so that the stated objectives can be achieved. In this case, DSI should have an effective resource management strategy for the assets used in deploying OSDS on a AWS cloud computing platform. The strategy should be based on the Morad and Dalbhanjans asset management operational checklist. Asset Management This operational checklist requires an organization to have an effective mechanism of tracking and managing the resources deployed on AWS. This will consider the following; Determining whether DSIs OSDS internal asset management system will be integrated with AWS. Incorporation of the AWS existing asset management capabilities. SLA Management Service Level Agreement (SLA) outlines the terms of contract between a service provider such as AWS and a client in this case DSI (Fankhauser Schweikert, 2000, p.345). It is necessary to develop an SLA to be able to evaluate the performance and quality of services provided by a vendor. The performance of a cloud computing vendor may be measured in terms of; how available is the system, and the response time of the system (Wieder, Butler, Theilmann, Yahyapour, 2011, p.809). DSI should consider the provisions outlined in the Amazon Web service SLA before using its cloud computing platform. Application Resilience This is defined as the ability of an application to handle a failure in one of its existing components so that service provision is not impaired. This means that the application will still be running in the event of a failure occurring. It is therefore necessary for DSI to consider checking whether the Online Service Delivery is resilient enough before deploying it on the cloud computing platform. There are a lot of considerations for high availability (HA). This is done through the provision of different infrastructure building blocks that an organization such as DSI can consider implementing in its OSDS application. To achieve high availability, DSI application resilience strategy should include; the use of various availability zones within a given location, implementation of instance redundancy, and monitoring and recovery among other considerations. OSDS should have a mechanism of identifying and evaluating existing points of failure within a system so as that the systems availab ility is not impaired. The high availability strategy should not only define how a system will be recovered in case of failure but it should also outline the kind of testing to be conducted. Some of the Amazon Web Services considerations for high availability include; Execution of multiple Amazon EC2 instances in multiple availability zones Reservation of high availability capacity through the use of Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances. Backup and Disaster Recovery Backup refers to the process of safely keeping a copy of the files or databases so that no data is lost in case of system failure. This is usually done on a routine basis and as such DSI should consider having an effective backup system for the Online Service Delivery System before its launch on the cloud computing platform. On the other hand, disaster recovery describes the available security measures adopted by an organization to protect it from any negative effect (Velte, Velte Elsenpeter, 2009, p.781). Negative effect includes operations that endanger the activities of an organization such as cyber attacks, or system failure. Hence, DSI should develop a disaster recovery plan that will minimize the disruption of service once the OSDS application is launched on the cloud computing platform. In this case, the disaster recovery strategy should be based on the point of recovery and the time of recovery need to be outlined. Restrictions based on the distance between the main site and recovery site need to be well outlined in the recovery strategy. The disaster recovery strategy should not only outline how the system will be recovered but should also outline the testing procedures to be conducted so that the system is restored back to its initial state of operation. According to AWS operational checklist, a well-developed disaster recovery strategy will include; regional redundancy, and region-to-region recovery among other aspects. To use the AWS cloud computing platform, DSI should considered the following Amazon Web Services and techniques while developing the OSDS disaster recovery strategy; The OSDS application should be able to store data, and be able to execute additional instances in multiple AWS regions. The disaster recovery site should be reserved in a different location through the Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances The OSDS application should consider the use of Amazon Glacier to archive data OSDS should be able to take Amazon EBS snapshots to enable a quick recovery process in case of data loss. Earls SLA guidelines and AWS SLA Based on Earls SLA guidelines, an effective Service Level Agreement should include the following items (Grzech, Rygielski, Ã…Å ¡wiƦtek, 2010, p.623); The SLA should outline the availability of the cloud computing service. The cloud service provider should outline the quality of the services offered. The cloud provider should also state the available security levels that a client will benefit from The cloud service provider should also outline how they plan to store the clients data in the cloud. Using the above guidelines, Amazon Web Services has developed an effective SLA to ensure that its client benefit from its cloud services. The Amazon Web Service SLA provides the following; Amazon EC2 SLA This governs various policies that are used for billing and account governance. The policy is also used to determine the network access strategy for an organization (Murty, 2008, p.203) Amazon S3 SLA This is used to describe the policy used in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) based on the terms outlined in AWS Customer Agreement. This outlines the data protection mechanism. Amazon CloudFront SLA This describes the policy that governs the use of Amazon CloudFront as outlined in the AWS Customer Agreement (Robinson, 2008, p.456). The policy is used to determine how the contents will be distributed. Amazon Route 53 SLA The policy is used to govern the path to be used while exchange data over a network. It can also be used in outlining the data recovery strategy for a given organization. Amazon RDS SLA The policy is used to govern the issues involving storage of data. In addition, the policy is also used to determine the data access strategy. In general, Amazon Web Services has clearly outlined the above SLA policies that an organization should consider before using their cloud services.. It is therefore, important for DSI to consider all these policies before launching its OSDS on the AWS cloud computing platform. Summary Amazon Web Service is a well established cloud service provider that offers a lot of benefits to its clients. In this case, if DSI decides to use AWS cloud computing platform to launch its OSDS application, it will have access to a wide range of opportunities such as security and data access, asset management, high availability, and data recovery strategies. Using cloud computing platform will reduce the organizations operation cost (Catteddu, 2010, p.10). However, the use of cloud services is associated with various risks such as data unavailability in case of system failure, loss of confidential data where the security is breached, and the business may be impaired where the vendor lacks reliable recovery plan. References Antonopoulos, N., Gillam, L. (Eds.). (2010). Cloud computing: Principles, systems and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A. D., Katz, R., Konwinski, A., ... Zaharia, M. (2010). A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM, 53(4), 50-58. Buyya, R., Broberg, J., Goscinski, A. M. (Eds.). (2010). Cloud computing: principles and paradigms (Vol. 87). John Wiley Sons. Catteddu, D. (2010). Cloud Computing: benefits, risks and recommendations for information security. In Web Application Security (pp. 17-17). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Furht, B., Escalante, A. (2010). Handbook of cloud computing (Vol. 3). New York: Springer. Fankhauser, G., Schweikert, D. (2000). Service level agreement trading for the differentiated services architectures. Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory (TIK), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zrich (ETH). Grzech, A., Rygielski, P., Ã…Å ¡wiƦtek, P. (2010). Translations of service level agreement in systems based on service-oriented architectures. Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal, 41(8), 610-627. Krutz, R. L., Vines, R. D. (2010). Cloud security: A comprehensive guide to secure cloud computing. Wiley Publishing. Murty, J. (2008). Programming amazon web services: S3, EC2, SQS, FPS, and SimpleDB. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Robinson, D. (2008). Amazon Web Services Made Simple: Learn how Amazon EC2, S3, SimpleDB and SQS Web Services enables you to reach business goals faster. Emereo Pty Ltd. Wieder, P., Butler, J. M., Theilmann, W., Yahyapour, R. (Eds.). (2011). Service level agreements for cloud computing. Springer Science Business Media. Velte, T., Velte, A., Elsenpeter, R. (2009). Cloud computing, a practical approach. McGraw-Hill, Inc..

Critical assessment of annual report of Wm Morrison Supermarkets free essay sample

Introduction An annual report is a portrait of the business of a firm. In fact, it is the most important way for a company to disclose information to the public (Dainelli et al. , 2013). Such information includes both financial and non-financial information, which might be quite useful for investors and potential investors of the company to make their decisions. Wm Morrison Supermarkets Plc (abbreviated as â€Å"Morrisons† below) is â€Å"the UK’s fourth largest food retailer by sale† (Morrisons, 2013). This report will use Morrisons as an example to make a critical evaluation of corporate annual report. There will be mainly four parts in this report. First of all, an overview of the annual report of Morrisons will be provided. On this basis, the second part will critically assess the section of â€Å"Performance and Strategy Review† of the annual report of Morrisons. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical assessment of annual report of Wm Morrison Supermarkets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third part asses the section of â€Å"Governance†. Then, the fourth part will evaluate the reliability of the annual report of Morrisons. Finally, a conclusion will be given. 1. 0 Overview of the Annual Report of Morrisons The annual report 2013 of Morrisons includes 116 pages and comprises of mainly three parts, 1) performance and strategy review, 2) governance, and 3) financial statements. The first and second parts are mainly qualitative information while the third part is mainly quantitative information about the financial accounts of the company. This report focuses on the qualitative information of this annual report. 2. 0 Performance and Strategy Review This part is intended to provide investors with useful information about the business strategy and current performance of Morrisons. Based on such information, investors can make estimation about the future prospects of the company. In this section of the annual report of Morrisons, detailed information about the strategy and performance of the company is provided. Investors and potential investors can get the following useful information. From the business model of Morrisons stated in Page 2, it can be seen what is the core business of Morrisons and where they do the business. Then from page 3 to page 5, it tells how Morrisons do differently from its competitors and how it competes in the market place. Also, the current position of Morrisons in the market place is analyzed. The annual report further discloses the new channels of Morrisons to the market. From such information, investors can judge whether this business model will be effective in helping Morrisons gain competitive advantage and obtain sustainable growth in the future. The limitation with the information in this aspect is that it mainly focuses on the favorable things for the company. It identifies the strengths and advantages of Morrisons over its competitors but mentions little about its weaknesses and disadvantages. This may lead to the overconfidence of investors about the future prospects of Morrison. Following the business model and marketplace information, chairman’s review and chief executive’s review are available in the annual report. These are the reviews about historical, current and future operations of the company by the board chairman and chief executive officer. They analyze the business environment, the performance and position, threatens opportunities, and the strengths weaknesses of the company, which represent the opinions of the director board and management board of Morrisons. From their reviews, investors can see how senior management of the company considers the future prospect of the company. The confidence director board and management board tends to make investors be confident about the future prospects about the company. However, chairman’s review and chief executive’s review also have the problem of misleading investors. In fact, the annual report is a useful channel for a company to disclose favorable information. It could be used as a useful marketing tool (Lee, 1994). Both board chairman and chief executive have the incentive to select to disclose only the information that could make investors confident about the company. The third aspect in this section is about the specific strategic objectives of Morrisons and how to achieve these strategic objectives. Morrisons have further identified their key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the success of financial performance and operational excellence, including financial KPIs and non-financial KPIs. These indicators are the ones the board considers to be important for stakeholders, customers, suppliers and colleagues to assess the achievement of the strategy. By reading such information, investors can see how Morrisons are performing and what are the future prospects like to be. According to annual report of Morrison, it tends to show that the company is â€Å"driving the topline, increasing the efficiency, and capturing growth†. This will convey information to investors that the company is currently performing quite well and have good future prospects. However, the as the company has the incentive to attract more investors and keep high stock price in the stock market. Therefore, it could choose to only measure and disclose the KPIs that could reflect good performance of the company (Alves et al. , 2012). The information in this aspect could be biased to some extent. The fourth aspect in this section is financial review. This aspect also tends to increase investor confidence as well. It provides a summary about the financial results of the company in the past few years, including the cash flows, investment, capital structure, and returns to shareholders. Cash flow analysis reflects strong working capital management. Acquisition activities show expansion of the operational activities of the company and thus great future growth potential. The growing returns to shareholders indicate high value of the company for investors. Similar to the information about KPIs, the financial review could be biased as well. The company could choose to only disclose the good financial information in this part. The fifth aspect in this section is managing risks and uncertainties. This aspect identifies the risks and uncertainties in the operation of Morrison. The measures that can be taken to manage these risks and uncertainties are also stated in this part. Such information can help investors to have an overall understanding about the risk management of the company thus make better anticipation about the future prospects of the company. But the information disclosed in the annual report is not sound as well. Some other risks and uncertainties might be neglected in the annual report but such risks and uncertainties could be fatal to the regular operation of the company in the future (Abraham and Shrives, 2014). Finally, there are several pages that address the corporate social responsibility of Morrisons. Morrisons think about more beyond selling products. They care for lifecycle of products, for reduction in carbon emission, for charity program, for customers, for farmers, for communities, and so on. This makes Morrisons more than a business organization. It is a member of our community and cares about the balanced development of our community (Ashcroft, 2012). More investors with high moral standards might be attracted to invest in Morrisons. 3. 0 Governance Following the section of â€Å"performance and strategy review†, there is another section that focuses on the governance of Morrisons. It introduces the structure of board of directors and management board. The photos and resume of the members of the two boards are provided. Investors could get information from the annual report that the management team of Morrisons is highly qualified and experienced in corporate management. They are capable of managing the company efficiently. After the introduction of management team, there is a corporate governance report. This report compares the corporate governance structure of Morrisons to the UK Corporate Governance Code and concludes that Morrisons is fully compliant with the Code. This report provides information for investors that the company can be directed and controlled efficiently thus various agency problems could be mitigated properly and corporate objectives could be achieved. After the governance report, the statement of directors’ responsibility in respect of the annual report and financial statements and the independent auditor’s report are provided. These two parts states clearly the respective responsibilities of directors and auditors. In the independent auditor’s report, the auditor’s opinion about the financial statements of Morrisons is given. The auditor of Morrisons is the KPMG Audit Plc. It gives standard audit opinion to Morrison’s financial statements (in accordance with the IFRSs and provide a true and fair view of the state of the company. This independent auditor’s report increases the reliability of the financial accounts of Morrisons. 4. 0 Reliability of the Annual Report of Morrison Based on the analysis above, it can be seen that the first 59 pages of Morrisons’ provide some relevant and useful information to investors and potential investors about Morrison’s performance and future prospects. However, there are some limitations with the information, especially the unaudited qualitative information. As it is stated in the above section, the company has the incentive to provide positive information that favors its firm image and stock market price. Thus, it can choose to disclose mainly the positive aspects of its business. Such information is biased. In other words, the reliability of the annual report is limited to some extent. Investors might be misled when they are making their decisions. Information from other sources is also needed to make a more comprehensive and all-round analysis about Morrisons. Compared to unaudited qualitative information, the audited quantitative information in the financial statements of the company is more reliable. But such audited information also needs to be analyzed together with other information to make right decisions. 5. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, this report has critically assessed the annual report of Morrisons, the fourth largest food retailer in the UK. The qualitative information in the annual report could provide important and relevant information for investors and potential investors. From the annual report, it can be see what the company does, how it competes in the market place, what the objectives of the company are, what measures it takes to achieve these objectives, how the company is currently performing, how it manages its risks and uncertainties, etc. All of such information can help investors and potential investors determine the performance and future prospects of the company. However, the information is biased and its reliability is limited to some extent. It is unaudited information and the company has the incentive to provide mainly positive information. Thus, the reliability of the annual report is limited and information from other sources is also needed to help investors make good decisions.