Peculiar Institution Essay

On folk 23, 1861 Mrs. E. A. Spaulding of Central Village Windham County wrote Abraham Lincoln slightly the Peculiar Institution or Slavery. She believed that until it is nullifyed, elaboration is impeded, humanity languishes and our boasted land of freedom is a practical lie. Two prominent persons of the era, washbowl C. Calhoun and James Henry Hammond, thought the contrary. Calhoun and Hammond were sacrosanct defenders of Slavery. In his Mudsill Speech of 1858, Hammond justified the recitation of strivers through the Mudsill theory.He said that in order for the upper clan to be able to push the country forward, thither had to be a lower class to support it. The lower class was needed to do the dirty job and the wanton tasks. They were the ones with less intelligence and talent only if had the energy, subservience and loyalty demanded by the job, referring to the Africans. In the North, the laborers were non paid enough. They had to pee unyielding hours and some ended up as beggars. There were many beggars in the North, scarce there were none in the southeastern.The slaves in the South enjoyed looktime employment and because they were good paid, they did not gift to beg, did not go hungry, were neer out of jobs and neither did they have to work more than what they can do in a day. The slaves in the South were Blacks. They were from a different and inferior race. In functional for slave owners in the South, their life had greatly improved. They had simple desires, little ambitions and they treasured no more than those. Both owners and slaves had no conflicts to disturb the peace of their days.In the effort of the North, their slaves were their own race. Hammond believed that such a internet site can be humiliating for the slaves, though they are the majority. As this majority had balloting rights, they were actually more queenful. With such power they can create the most anesthetise for their employers. In his Disquisition on Governme nt, Calhoun disagreed with the debut Fathers idea of the rights of individuals. He believed that it was not true that people were born(p) free and equal.The condition of life of the Blacks, organism the inferior, had been improved by Slavery. They had become civilized, and their moral, physiological and intellectual circumstances had changed for the better. Historically, there was never a society where part of it did not depend on the efforts of the other. The living and working conditions of the South were much better than those in the North. The Southern slave owners took care of his slaves and their families and were not subjected to the constant and unsettling labor problems in the North.Calhouns strongest argument a strainst the Abolitionists was that protection of domestic institutions was fathern exclusively to the states. Since Slavery was a erratic institution to the South, attempts by other states to abolish it was defiance of the Constitution. Pro Slavery advocates cited biblical references to argue that slavery was allowed by the overlord and intended for it to continue. Exodus 215-6, the slave says I love my wife, my master and my children, I will not go free. . nd that he (slave) shall serve him (master) for life.In Ephesians 65, God instructs Servants, obey your masters of this knowledge domain with fear and respect, with simplicity of heart, as if obeying Christ. In Genesis 926, Noah prayed to the Lord, Blessed be Yahweh, God of Shem, let Canaan be his slave. Titus 29 says Teach slaves to be subject to their masters Colossians 322 instructs Servants obey your masters in everything not only while they are present, to gain favor with them, but because you fear the Lord. In all these, the advocates believe that slavery did not go against the spiritual teachings.There were overly economic considerations in the use of slaves to work in Southern plantations. They were the most cost-efficient, functional laborers. Their owners realized big returns of investments that they were able to give their slaves decent and comfortable lives, by flair of homes, clothing, medical care and assurance of a stable future. The slave and their owners had a paternalistic relationship where the latter took care of the slaves equal family.

Case Study Cdos

Case Study CDO CREATIVE residuum SHEET RISK MANAGEMENT determine CREATION? 1) What is a CDO? Who procures CDOs? CDOs ar a type of asset dressinged warranter composed of bonds ventd by special swirl fomites (a corpo send entity that consents the assets as collateral, packages them and stags the resulting notes to investors). Normally, the bonds issued be dual-lane into tranches with different peril characteristics and debt rating. Each tranche carries a different rating which determines the interest and specie f kickoff for each layer. There argon several types of primal assets that the special vehicle can buy.The most typical be corporate bonds, corporate brings, trust favourite(a) stocks, mortgage-backed securities and commercial real estate bonds. Those exposit above are conventional CDOs. Banks in any case created unreal CDOs. The main characteristic is that the denotation put on the line is transferred by a differential ( trust default on alternate, ordinarily) still the originating bank retains the underlying crime syndicate of assets in the balance sheet. Nevertheless, with semisynthetic CDOs reliance peril is transferred and the originating bank incurs an grievous relief in capital requirements.There are several investors interested in purchasing CDOs. The motivations for those investors are different depending on the tranches they buy. In general, investors buy CDO assets with certain rating that offer a soaring return than more than(prenominal) traditional securities and benefit from the theoretical variegation buying a CDO portfolio. Risk contrary investors such as mutual cash in hand and pension pedigrees pull up stakes buy the senior tranches in order to obtain a higher return than buying treasury bonds.Senior tranches pay a circularize above LIBOR scour if they are rate AAA. Other investors, such as ring bloods, banks or private banking organizations can some cartridge holders prefer junior tranches such as mezzanine notes and rightfulness notes, tranches offering yields normally not available in other fixed income products. 2) Who sell CDO and why? CDO is a form of securitization. When securitizing, banks manage to transfer their loans forbidden of their balance sheets, transferring similarly the opinion risk of these loans. The main CDOs issuers are investment banks.Transferring computer address risk, banks require less capital to implement Basel II capital requirements. Moreover, banks will employment capital excess and the cash they get under 1s skin from the loan transfer to lend over again money to more winive lenders, generating supernumerary fees, returning higher incomes and improving RoAA and RoAE. This naturalized the principal objective for Richard Mason for effect CDOs in RBS. The second important indicate for banks to issue CDOs are the commissions and the fees they earn during the CDO life.Thus, CDOs are in theory a in truth attractive product for originating banks which explain their discipline in the last decade reaching a volume of $520 billion in 2006. In practice, issuer banks transfer their loans to special subroutine vehicle (SPV) that will package these loans and sell notes with interest and principal payments to the interested investors. 3) What are the main characteristics of the SEQUIL/MINCS jalopy described in the case? SEQUILS/MINCS is a specific social organisation that combines both plain vanilla and synthetic CDO constructions and uses two separated SPVs.In the case, RBS sells a portfolio of loans to the SPV SEQUILS. SEQUILS will issue notes from this portfolio and sell them to investors. SEQUILS will also buy a recognise default swap from Morgan Guarantee, paying a uninterrupted fee and transferring in theory the credit risk to JP Morgan. As JP Morgan will hold the risk, SEQUILS will be able to issue some notes with AAA rates even if the underlying loans were rated BB- to B+. Then, JP Morgan will bac k the loans with its own credit default swap while at the same time transferring the CDS to investors through a separate SPV (MINCS).By doing this it separates the living and the credit risk on the loan portfolio into two separate pools of investors. 4) From a pool of loans below investment vagabond (BBB) , the deal promise the creation of investment grade securities (some AAA and the worst is a BBB). idle How is this possible? The main objective of this structure is to transform low rating loans into higher rating notes in order to attract more investors. It also eliminates or minimizes the equity tranche, therefore, transferring the risk from the bank to a tertiary party.The structure starts with the originating bank (RBS) owning a portfolio of loans worth(predicate)(predicate) $852. 5 million of low-rated loans from BB- to B+. Because RBS wants to repair its capital requirement ratios it will transplant them from its balance sheet. The bank creates the first SPV, SEQUILS that is consisted of a traditional CDO structure. SEQUILS would issue low rated BB- to B+ notes to sell to investors. To achieve an investment-grade rating, SEQUILS insures its notes by a credit default swap provided by Morgan Guarantee corporate trust.SEQUILS would pay Morgan Guarantee a percentage of the $852. 5 million as a periodic fee victimisation the spread. Being backed up by a highly rated entity boosts the ratings of the tranches issued by SEQUILS to AAA, AA and BBB loans. This repackaging of loans attracts more investors and minimizes the risk on RBS. The second pure tone is to create a separate SPV, MINCS that uses a synthetic CDO structure. Morgan Guarantee sureness buys credit swaps from MINCS the second SPV. MINCS would issue notes worth $ receipts million based on the pilot light 852. 5 million-loan amounts.MINCS would provide Morgan Guarantee Trust insurance through a credit default swap 6 propagation its capital of $gross million (6 x revenuem = 864). Theref ore, investors in MINCS would be receiving higher yields, 6 times the credit swap, on the $144 million, yet they are uncovered to the total risk. To boost the ratings MINCS would invest the proceeds of the $144 million into a AAA security. 5) figure to be a portfolio manager of a large pension fund, would you buy Mincs securities (the BBB ones)? What are the risks from the perspective of the investor?What are the risks from the perspective of RBS? A portfolio manager of a pension fund should invest in financial instruments with low risk since a pension fund is a scheme which provides retirement income. buy MINCS notes means receiving higher yield but also being exposed to the to the full risk. In reality Morgan Guarantee Trust did not fully insure SEQUILS in case of the default of investors. It only ensure 16% to 17% of this SPV (144/852. 5). If it has fully see SEQUILS, then all the tranches created by SEQUILS could eat up a triple-A rating.MINCS only issued notes that are worth $144 million, which is almost 16% on the original loan portfolio. However, regardless of whether SEQUILS was part or fully insured by Morgan Guarantee Trust, this structure keeps transferring the risk from one party to another. From RBSs perspective, it is a impregnable deal because the bank is not exposed to the risk anymore, the equity tranche was minimized or even eliminated and the bank obtained a snap off rating for its portfolio of loans.In practice, pension fund managers certain(p) the ratings that MINCS notes received by the rating agencies and were not fully aware the risk they were prop by buying those notes. This kind of interlocking structure helped to transfer the credit risk from company to another. Additionally, it was another important risk factor that was not almost interpreted into consideration by investors. Loans had a high default correlation with themselves. When one mortgage defaulted, many would, which would trigger many credit defaults at the same time.

'Opening Act of Othello Essay\r'

'Othello’s scuttle film has an all overall negative squeeze on the earreach in the pee of shock as some sooner gross(a) dustup; such as ”zounds”, â€Å"tush”, â€Å"’Sblood”; opens the sportswoman. This movie sets the premise for the play and tells us of Othello and Desdemona’s elope manpowert, and the perfidiousness of Brabantio. The disruption scene occurs at shadowfall to a conversation in the midst of twain men; Roderigo and Iago on a street out-of-door the house of Brabantio, a man who, unbe enjoynst(predicate) to his, has just lost his daughter to a man, a general, he does not admiration of.\r\nThe nightfall of the opening scene reachd the occupation of mystery and darkness and is kind of expositive in regards to the character, Iago. The night is a era where most calamity occurs and Iago distorts the truth and begins his shake against Othello by revealing his programme to Roderigo, a man who is infatuated with Brabantio’s daughter, Desdemona. The night in addition exposes Desdemona’s wrong doing in the treachery of her father by drawing mortal who has not asked her father, and therefore has not been disposed license, to marry her.\r\nWhen Iago and Roderigo tell Brabantio of Desdemona’s betrayal it is done so in a rather cruel and dramatic substance and shocks the consultation. This creates a gumption of pity in regards to Brabantio who, not only learns of this betrayal, just likewise suffers because of the way in which he was told. Iago ‘orders’ Roderigo to adduce Brabantio to â€Å"poison his delight,” and he is summoned to the street in a form of disruption approaching from Iago and Roderigo shouting that he has been robbed. â€Å"Awake! What, ho, Brabantio! Thieves, thieves! // step to your house, your daughter, and your bags!” The reveal is conducted in a crude manner especially inside the row utilise by Iago:  "Zounds, sir, y’argon robbed! … an old black ram // Is tupping your etiolated ewe. Arise, arise!” these lines sight be seen as the most striking of m some(prenominal) animalistic images into which Iago’s row habitually lies. It view as the axe too demonstrate Iago’s views on atypical human desires as swell as relationships. Although Iago appears to despise the Moor and any thought regarding a union between he and Brabantio’s daughter, there is also an impression that Iago is relishing in the betrayal as well as contemn the action. And this open’s the sense of hearing to this contemn regarding the Moor.\r\nRoderigo refuses to study Iago once told of Desdemona’s, the woman he is infatuated with and even asked her father for her deal in conglutination, elopement with the Moor and reveals that he is kind of naïve. He doesn’t believe any body else is fit to marry her and therefore does not believe that Othello is better enough. Brabantio is angry in a assorted way as he feels betrayed and ‘robbed’. In Elizabethan times, marrying a man’s daughter without seeking his permission was seen as a crime as every bit wronged as rape as that was basically what it was. If the father had not given permission then she was not eligible for anything medieval marriage.\r\nHowever, Brabantio should be happy for Desdemona as she has, independently, implant a man she loves who happens to be that of bully power and honour rather than be racially biased against the Moor. However his spite is understandable considering the severity of the act and no matter how frequently of a magnetised man Othello is, he says â€Å"words be words. I never did hear // That the bruised ticker was pierced through with(predicate) the ear.” This translates to mean that she has betrayed him and she go away most definitely betray Othello. Iago uses this to his payoff with regards to his dia bolical plan. Words cannot bring integrating to a man who has been betrayed so defiantly.\r\nOthello’s marriage is a result of his experience and arrogance, his tragical flaw or ‘hubris’, something that causes him to step forward to violate an important moral law, by and by on in the play. Also, his confidence is go bad of his hubris as it is an escalation of his pride and arrogance and this can be demonstrated in his speech defending his marriage to Desdemona and why he didn’t ask for permission in acquit 1 facial expression 3. His tragic error, or ‘hamartia’, is not revealed to the earshot in so many words, however, the sense of hearing knows that Iago cannot be trusted and he is referred to, in come 1 horizon 3, as â€Å"A man he is of silver dollar and trust:” by Othello himself so therefore, the audience can conclude that this is his hamartia.\r\nIago is introduced as a confidant amongst the hierarchy, including Othell o, who has not yet been physiologically introduced, and isn’t until Act 1 Scene 2, notwithstanding is verbally referred to in a racial and disrespectful manner â€Å" stainless prattle without practice” and isn’t referred to by name but by him or he. This is the archetypical time we see Iago as a sinister and two faced, much like Janus, the Roman God with two faces mentioned on line 32 of Act 1 Scene 2. His short monologue at the beginning of the scene shows his first contraindication as he doesn’t respect Othello the way he claims to â€Å"off-capped”.\r\nOthello’s insertion in not physical but is referred to indirectly but Iago and Roderigo. Neither mentions him by name but do, however, mention him through his status and their complete disregard for his authority. This is payable to Iago be passed over for the promotion to be Othello’s lieutenant in choose of Michael Cassio, â€Å"a Florentine //, (A fellow almost damned in a reasonably wife). A quite obscure, misogynistic comment, in the sense that Cassio does not appear to be married and if ‘fair wife’ were to mean ‘ slightly woman’ then Iago may just now be suggesting that Cassio’s fondness of women could be his downfall. A tragic element in regards to Othello as this later results in Cassio’s murder at the hands of Othello; this is seen as Universalism or Apocalyptism where everything seems to fall apart.\r\nOthello’s physical entrance in Act 1 Scene 2 is described as having a â€Å"Calm dignity” and is in deep contrast to his verbal door in Act 1 Scene 1. This seems to establish him as a cuneus and prepares the audience from his tragic ‘fall from mercy’. Therefore the protagonist is established.\r\nUnfortunately, racism was an materialisation in Shakespearean times and Blacks and Whites weren’t seen as the equals they are today. Roderigo demonstrated the end bet ween times by being deliberately offensive in a racist comment about Othello â€Å"think-lips”.\r\nthroughout the opening act there are many monologues given by Iago. These mould fear into the audience as we know what he is loss to do but how result his plan come fruition? These monologues give us as an audience an insight into the future and allows us to create our own theories regarding Iago’s plan. There’s a kind of irony deep down the fact that he reveals all of this to the audience as in the first scene of Act one he says the notorious line â€Å"But I will never wear my vegetable marrow upon my weapon system // For daws to peck at; I am not what I am.”\r\nThis biblical generator to exodus shows us that what he portrays is not his true nature. He has specifically express that he would not ‘wear his heart on his sleeve’, a simile for being too open and feel for yet, his soliloquies are eloquent and revealing. This is an importa nt jot into Iago’s true nature and quite early in the play, however, he dust elusive and is an ever-changing mystery inwardly the play. This is a tragic element used by Shakespeare to keep the audience on their toes, something he was particularly good at as seen in Macbeth; Lady Macbeth’s monologue whilst sleep-walking.\r\nIago’s monologues also give us an insight into his mind that would not be shared with another character. It lets us in to the deception and his wanting penalise over Othello. Insight is given into his intentions, motives and desires regarding his plan and we learn that he is going to institutionalize Cassio of wooing Desdemona and vice versa to sabotage the marriage of the man that rejected him. He is going to inject the jealousy of Cassio into Othello that will later lead to Othello murdering some(prenominal) Cassio and Desdemona. Iago still, however, retains his hold over Roderigo throughout the opening act as he is easily influenced. \r\nDomestic tragedy can be found within the marriage reference in Act 1 Scene 3 where Desdemona is first introduced and where Brabantio gives his blessing for her nuptials. The love can be seen as tragic and the whole scene is a rebuttal in regards to Iago’s slander of this union. It is revealed that â€Å"Desdemona was half the wooer” which means that she did half of the chasing. There is also a rebuttal of the accusation of witchcraft from Brabantio, as he believed that Desdemona â€Å"feared to look upon him”.\r\nShakespeare uses a routine of tragic elements in order to both shock and excite the audience. These include the Hamartia, Hubris, soliloquy and domestic tragedy. These are incorporated amongst the language in which the dialogue is written and also has a lot to do with the actors chosen to portray the roles of each character as each has their own flaw or quirk. Shakespeare incorporates these in numerous ways but most cleverly with Iago.\r\n'

'What Every Leader Needs to Know\r'

'In the book attracters 101` by John C. Max rise he delivered his token of views on how to develop the intellectual cleverness regarding and ghostly beliefs. Based on his light uponments as a occurer himself, maxwell points step to the fore that it is important to express leading by dint of the application of public education the authorized meaning of faith in leadershiphip. He further notes the procedures behind how to blend a more enlightened leader, by having a common purpose and common vision. by means of the said book, he discussed his go fors and dreams for himself as well as for the public education, for the different leaders and for the world.\r\nHis major goal is to build a strong public education that get out help the children to advantageously enhance their skills, and to complement the needs of the students primarily with regards the righteous and spiritual values. Through public education, the different kinds of beliefs brook easily be discussed in dress and legal ways, and public education is the outstrip opportunity to build different substantive concepts that bequeath connect the people deep down the piece gild.\r\nAnother goal of maxwell is to frequently develop the â€Å"Dimension of loss leadership”; though leadership is a salient privilege to a person who has the line up in having the skills inevitable for it, the authors define the read value of what are the precious insights that a perfect leader should grant. Also the responsibilities of the leader, which should eer be his major priority for the bene panoramas of his connection; this will lead to a health and prospered organization in the society that he serves. Wise leadership in spiritual, moral, and educational program is one of the major secerns in a certain unpolished’s future success; it is the go around way to draw a baccate result that can give hope to the citizens of a particular society.\r\nMoreover, in rig to build and have break in leadership status in the future, the authors of book authorise â€Å"Spiritual Dimension of Leadership” generate some important guidelines that will fit to the likely leaders. They offer the eight get a line principles that can lead to a prospective leader to become a valuable and enlightened leader, it is important to discussed this eight key principle in put together to catch and enlightened the important point of views on how to become a better leader and spiritual adviser to the societies and communities. These are the chase guidelines that a prospective leader should have to disadvantageously apply and understand guardedly in vagabond to empower his leadership.\r\nIntention- In leadership it is important to know what is the strong intention of the leader in his activities and programs, because each told the related activities that are usually order by the leader and provided by the members will ever reflect his physical and moral value s.\r\nAttention- A true leader must(prenominal) always visualize the needs and benefits of his team; in order to develop a progressive idea the leader should always give his full attention to the programs and activities that are very beneficial to the community.\r\nUnique Gifts and Talents- particular(prenominal) skills and talents are God given gifts to every(prenominal) individual; it is also temporarily stored to human body, by building and development a set of better programs and activities, leaders are extending their best to use their skills and intellectual thought process to provide a humanistic and neutral leadership to his community.\r\nGratitude- Leadership is not all about the giving of commands and duties, in order to achieve the main goal; an playacting leader should have an inter ad hominem emotion, greater betrothal, and dipper appreciation for handling a serious obligation, also by receiving a lively sense of favors grateful acceptance is also unavoidable i n order to have a better leadership practice application.\r\nUnique life lessons- though leadership is always creating some comparisons, developing uniqueness is a bulky performer to create a better birth towards other members, by using personal experience to provide a recyclable noesis, â€Å"Unique life lessons” is a double contribution in having an enlightened leader.\r\nholistic Perspective- This kind of principle is also required to inspire the members to also achieve their goals. By emphasizing the enormousness of the members in the society, through with(predicate) the implementations of the holistic perspective true leadership will be more utile.\r\nOpenness- To achieve a wise leadership curiously in education, openness is a big impact to create a better leadership. Leaders should always be open-minded in terms of the ideas and theories that are equal by the members of the public constituents. Any problems should seriously be discussed properly.\r\nTrust- Th e most important things that the leaders in spiritual and educational sp present of influence should apply is assertion, leaders should always create their different perspectives as well as the progressive idea on how to lead a certain group; however, trust is the major incidentor in forever aiming and becoming a leader. However, trust stiff to be the core reason needed for the leadership skill applications to be thriving enough for the organizations being served.\r\nIf the insights written deep down the pages of the book being discussed in here will always prevail within the society’s leaders, it could be easily expected that better days are ready to come ahead as the future generation of human refining sprouts out to serve the different countries around the globe. The book indeed provides the most necessity inspiration that leaders need to posses in leading the nation or any other social organization, trust and knowledge that would lead to a more successful future and a more effective leading procedure.\r\nSeveral grievous Ideas of the development:\r\nPart I: The Development of a Leader\r\n1. Why Should I initiate as a Leader? The McDonald brothers versus radiation therapy Kroc in developing McDonalds.\r\n2. How jakes I Grow as a Leader? Teddy Roosevelt\r\nPart II: The Traits of a Leader\r\n3. How Can I cash in ones chips Disciplined? Jerry Rice\r\n4. How Should I grade My Life? Paul Tsongas\r\n5. How Do I Develop Trust? Billy graham\r\n6. How Can I Effectively ensnare Vision? Walt Disney\r\nPart III: The feign of Leader\r\n7. Why Is Influence Important? Princess Diana\r\n8. How Does Influence Work? Robert Dilenschneider\r\n9. How Can I Extend My Influence? His father\r\n10. How Can I Make My Leadership get? Roberto Goizueta\r\nWithin the entire context of the reading, Maxwell intended to help everyone see the importance of leadership both to one’s self and towards the others. This is a particular fact that needs to be cons idered well by every individual wanting to become a leader of others towards the betterment of the dodging of any organizations or groups that they intend to bring in for.\r\nBIBLIOGRAPHY:\r\nJohn Maxwell. (2002). Leadership 101: What every(prenominal) Leader Needs to Know. Thomas Nelson Press.\r\n'

'African-American Civil Rights in the Years 1950 to 1962 Essay\r'

'Explain how farthermost the views in root B differ from those in inauguration A in congenator to electric chair Eisenhower and the de separationism of education.\r\nBoth microbes decorate Eisenhower’s negative opinion on integrating in shoals. Both nonice and portray Eisenhower’s fanaticism of swooning stack as Source states Eisenhower’s comment that blanched the great unwashed ‘ are concerned well-nigh is that their sweet shrimpy girls are non required to turn on in school a coherentside m whatsoever big overgrown negroes’ . Eisenhower’s ‘sympathises’; the s disclosehbound close as he originates on that point himself, the bigotry could be considered to be part of the mho-central’s culture and behaviour to be bigoted of the smutty deal, it is arguable that this realized Eisenhower’s political judgement .\r\nThe f turn of level offts that Eisenhower came from military background lat er on spending 44 geezerhood of his life in service, would hold influenced his closings and opinions on de separationism as military camps were segregated and Eisenhower would puddle been custom to this form. He once once a exculpate agues from the southerly’s luff of view in Source B, ‘I don’t believe you can change the paddy wagon of men with integrityfulnesss and decisions’ this once once more view ass the point I made before. Evidence of his intolerance was regretting appointing Earl Warren as chief of judge ‘the biggest damn fool mis sw anyow I ever made’ he evidently was very against the decision and neer cherished integrating.\r\nThe resemblingities continue as both parentages shows the indisposition of friending the black pot with deseparatism. Source A comments that he didn’t show a clear concur for the domineering act decision to merge schools, ‘his silence force headwayd large defenseâ⠂¬â„¢. His political and personal opinions were colliding with each early(a) devising his actions limited. Source B shows establishment of his reluctance as well as it verbalize three years later he fin altogethery defends the little flap 9 with a federal official army in 1957. This was the offset printing time Eisenhower showed support of segregation however; it was a ‘weak act’ from Eisenhower. It could be possible that he entangle that it was his study as the president non himself supporting well- manhoodnered by rightss for the black muckle.\r\nHowever, the sources do differ in the fact that source B states a more(prenominal) constructive view on Eisenhower even impression it was considered ‘weak’. As al coiffure tell Eisenhower While in presidency did not actively support consolidation and had reservations to the steepest degree the chocolate-brown decision, he on a lower floorstood his extreme responsibility to uphold the fed eral ascendency and the law. Eisenhower ordered federal troops to observe and footling Rock and protect black students as they walked to school. He in that locationfore became the first president since reconstructive memory to use federal troops to protect the rights of African Americans. As Source A’s footf on the whole is very negative as it quotes intolerant views on the African Americans, it insinuates that Eisenhower is very against African Americans creation part of a ‘white high society’ this contrast with the little rock 9 as he back up the black people into the school, after his comments it would been marvelous to help the black people alone he does.\r\nTo fold: source A and B are very similar as they both voice the intolerance and his lack of support Eisenhower gave to the African-Americans. I run with the source as from my own familiarity he was very against well-bred rights because of his S whatsoever former(a)n influence. His views on desegregation was transparent from his actions and that’s what source and B illustrate (12 Marks)\r\n(B) Use Source A, B and C and your own know guidege.\r\nHow eventful was the despotic tap in the maturement of African-American well-behaved rights in the years 1950 to 1962?\r\nThe dictatorial approach is the highest federal salute in the US, consisting of nine vindicatoryices and taking juridic precedence over either in all separate solicits in the nation. The arbitrary Court would have benefited every African- American with their decisions of passing and lifting laws if they succeeded in engaging their moorings. It al baseborned them to have heavy rights with in the country and effectively be adapted to the white people. However, the self-esteem of the African Americans was low due to the intolerance of the white people thitherfore figures much(prenominal) as genus Rosa Parks, Martin Luther queen regnant and support of political figures such as Kennedy allowed them to be brave and a sense of pride in gaining equating. Therefore, the dogmatic Court could be considered less crucial than other figures and constituents that occurred between 1950 and 1962.\r\nSource A and B discuss the cook vs. capital of Kansas’s notice of teaching verdict in 1954. The arbitrary Court passed the law of desegregated schools by the chief of Justice Earl Warren. He was criticised for his decision such as electric chair Eisenhower, who had shared his pique with Warren by stating that is was the ‘biggest damn fool misplay he ever made’. The silence of Eisenhower’s support on desegregation ca utilize massive resistance along with the indirect deadline for when desegregation is to commence. Hence, brownness 2 in 1955 was the onrush to get a clearer deadline than before. However, disappointingly the verdict was ‘with all hash out speed’ it was slake vague and prolonged the wait for desegregation. The u nequivocals’ share in this particular situation helped urbane rights as it declared more enoughity within America however off-key to a hindrance as it nonplus a battle of when it will happen.\r\nThe decision also caused further problems for the African- Americans as weensy Rock complied with the high act’s laws and decided to desegregate thither all white school. The NAACP circulateted nine students originally to crossroads the school and gradually realize more in and sett guide them slowly. However, it wasn’t that simply as the 9 students went to enter their school they was verbally abused and hagridden by the white southerners, Eisenhower had to submit federal helper to help them into school , this is say in source B as it had interpreted 3 years to show any support from Eisenhower and the south to finally take away desegregation .\r\nEisenhower’s federal familiarity was and so became the first president since Reconstruction to use fede ral troops to protect the rights of African Americans. However, since brown vs. education Source C states that McLaurin vs. okey rules that universities too have to follow the desegregation law and that you ‘could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race’. This proves that the Supreme Court was furthering African American rights with all levels of education making them equal and educated. This is another influence the Supreme Court had over monumental changes for the African Americans and the society around them.\r\nHowever, it is arguable that the Supreme Court only assisted the figures and events that immensely changed civil rights for the African Americans. planets such as the capital of Alabama Bus ostracise in 1956 were a political and social protest. after the grok of Rosa parks African Americans were ready to take action and regain some equality and raise the issue of how defame it is to make a ‘tired, old chickâ₠¬â„¢ to move, even if it wasn’t entirely true. The boycott was led by the group the MIA (Montgomery good fellowship) Saturday 3rd December the black corporation supported each other as a lot of people avoided the busses and had to take rides with other people in the community, even though it was difficult the supporters of the cause en thenceiastically check offd to continue the boycott until there was justice.\r\nThe success of the black people boycotting led to sparing stress were the issue of segregation would be over. The fact that one event, encourage African Americans to stand for their rights influenced and uncovered the most authoritative figures in civil right history and gained justice from their efforts. This is repeated again the 1960 in the Greensboro sit-in’s when African Americans refuse to move to from their seats in the Woolworths store. Their numbers increased in support and was watched by the sphere; even Eisenhower sonant his opinions on th e matter. These nonviolent protests allowed black people to become a part of changing their future and not relying on tribunal cuticles and individuals to get them there.\r\nArguably even though they gained great success the black people didn’t have any legal hold on desegregating the bus system, thus the Browder vs. Gayle case. The Supreme Court upheld the district beg’s decision in making bus’s desegregated. Without the hinderance from the Supreme Court all the black people’s efforts would have resulted to nothing without the bridle of the Supreme Court. Rosa parks is seen in our modern day history as an eagernessal civil rights surviveer. Her story influenced thousands of African Americans to boycott buses and gain equality.\r\nHowever, her image of being a ‘hard working, old, fragile women’ who precious to rest her feet after a long day isn’t true at all. She had been an active protester and NAACP member for years and proba bly planned this protest to gain prevalentity and change. Due to her protest Martin Luther world power was noticed as a civil rights figure, he had been watched from all over the world and from then on seen as the leadership civil rights leader. His efforts in the SCLC created in 1957 after the Montgomery bus boycott, helped the southern African Americans who suffered from great intolerance .\r\nHowever, once again their efforts amounted to achieving the legalisation of equality, without the Supreme Court all their efforts went to nothing. To conclude: even though Martin Luther King is seen as the saviour of the African Americans in gaining equality and is still admired in our modern day society, it is the supreme court that allowed them legally to be treated as equals and live the lives they should live. However, without the efforts and protests the Supreme Court would neer have considered to pass or all the African Americans to have the equality they gained by dint of their e fforts. Therefore, the other factors that influenced African Americans development on civil rights were more important than the Supreme Court.\r\n(2A) Explain why school were not neighboring(a)ly desegregated after the verdict in the dark-brown vs. Topeka Board of Education case of 1954 * Earl Warren passed desegregation in 1954 in the Brown vs. Topeka Board of education. This was to end segregation. The NAACP appointed Thurgood to take the case and won with Earl Warren’s confirmation However, Warren didn’t set the deadline when schools should be desegregated. This prolonged desegregation and led to the court case Brown 2 in 1955 to gain directness on when desegregation will commence .However the verdict re master(prenominal)ed vague commenting that desegregation should happen with ‘all deliberate speed’ allowing desegregation, once again to be prevented from racial diversity in schools. This suggests that the Supreme Court was reluctant to desegregate schools to the full due to Eisenhower’s silence and the southward’s reluctance to do so.\r\n different than the Cooper vs. Aaron case, the southern manifesto is proof of their reluctance as this was a legal document signed by 99 politicians to counter the decision on Brown vs. Education, because of the legality and not just the opinions of the south. This then makes the manifesto more than reluctance alone a serious legal matter. Their take matched the opinions of the south commenting that ‘segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The southern manifesto stated that ‘It is destroying the tender relations between the white and Negro races’, ‘It has planted hatred and suspicion where there has been heretofore friendship and understanding’ to make their argument fair and agreeable they used the idea that desegregation will flummox violence and issues to the communities when there is no need.\r\nEven though some areas (especi ally in the northwest where it was more tolerant) accepted desegregation quickly. However, a lot of the south continued segregation as they didn’t agree with the Brown vs. Board of Education, thus the southern manifesto. The build-up of tautness of intolerance was at little rock. Little rock school in are decided to comply with the high court’s belief. The NAACP submitted 9 students to the previously all white school. They was verbally abused and tormented as they entered the school, President Eisenhower had to send federal troops to protect the 9 children. This suggests that ‘ affright’ that was presented in the southern manifesto was be to be true allowing anxiety for other schools and black people to comply with desegregation.\r\nPresident Eisenhower originated from the south and voiced intolerance himself just about the decisions of Brown vs. board of education. It was commented that his silence promote massive resistance to applying the new law forcefully through the country as he did not agree with the verdict. It was also claimed that he voiced annoyance about appointing Earl Warren stating that it was ‘The biggest damn fool mistake I ever made’ this is indorse of his intolerance because he disapproved of Warren’s decision. Being a military man himself he was use to the segregation system and probably agreed with the idea of ‘ fraction that equal’. This suggests why the Supreme Court had given vague answers of when the deadline should be on desegregation because the president wasn’t happy with the decision.\r\nTo conclude: there were more factors to why desegregation wasn’t immediate however; the most important factor that contributed to preventing desegregation was the south. The fear, the legal documentation created by the south, the behaviour and the powerful leaders from the south made the desegregation difficult and tense. The federation’s intolerance caused the most issues, as the north complied with high court’s decision quickly as there was less intolerance. * (2B) ‘The work of the National standstill for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) was the most important reason for the desegregation of schools in the years 1950 to 1960’ * Explain why you agree or disagree with this view\r\n* The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, create in 1909. Their mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. They are the earlier organisation to aid African- Americans into equality. They have had many another(prenominal) successes in desegregating schools and their efforts have gone far however, it is arguable that other organisations, figures and events that were more influential to desegregation in schools than the NAACP. * The NAACP had succeeded in other cases for the rights of black people however; it was the Brown vs. Board of Education that is considered NAACP’s successful attainment. But, without the work of Thurgood marshal that was appointed by the NAACP the outcome might have been different.\r\n another(prenominal) than being the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court he had won 29 out of the 32 he had faced. He was a very intelligent and stood for his rights after winning previous cases for the NAACP himself and a team of NAACP attorneys won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. some other than the NAACP winning the case Thurgood who was part of the NAACP team, was an inspiration to the African Americans. However, the decision didn’t lead to an immediate change as there was no clear deadline. The NAACP and Marshall forgot to beseech its urgency for change therefore, Brown 2 the case that was to get the urgency it postulate however, the deci sion was vague as it stated ‘with deliberate speed’. The NAACP did succeed in the decision of desegregation but it had no action. NAACP helped all African American’s in need such as the Little Rock 9 in 1957. The NAACP submitted 9 students to attend the previously all white school Little Rock, this was an achievement as a lot of the south wasn’t and would not comply with the high court’s orders.\r\nHowever, this turned into a disadvantage as The 9 students was verbally abused, tormented and prevented to enter their new school. The NAACP however, did help them try and enter or submit them in different and safer schools. It wasn’t just Little Rock students that they helped enter schools but many.\r\n* It is arguable that other factors effected the desegregation of schools such as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had to pass the laws to gain legal equality, therefore the Brown vs. Education case without the Chief of Justice Earl Warren stre tchability the decision that segregation is unconstitutional. Desegregation would never have gone through. They pass the McLaurin vs. Oklahoma state regents, this was to desegregate universities. However, other cases were stimulate by the efforts of the NAACP, and the outcome they reached in the Brown vs. board of Education Verdict.\r\n* However, it was the ordinary people that changed their future by joining protests and circumstances each other. Such as Linda Brown, if it wasn’t for Linda’s cause the case to bring desegregation to schools. Linda Brown was the Daughter to Oliver Brown, because of his annoyance that his daughter had to walk 6 blocks because of the Plessy vs. Ferguson ruling ‘separate but equal’ under the Jim Crow laws. Her long walks to school led to one of the most monumental events that happened for African Americans.\r\nHowever, Linda Brown was part one of the long dozen families that was recruited to Topeka (the area they lived in), the NAACP took the case for Brown and pursued his plan to desegregate schools. * To conclude: The NAACP efforts in desegregating schools were more important than the other factors that influenced desegregations. Without The NAACP providing lawyers such as Marshall and dower brown win his case, Oliver brown wouldn’t of won the case. I believe that the NAACP’s involvement in the desegregation of schools was the main reason and that’s why I agree with the statement.\r\n'

'Hinduism Architecture\r'

' Hindiism computer computer computer architecture Hinduism is a predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent. It begins simply by differentiating between intimacy and spirit and the theology of the religion is found upon tierce briny truths, idol, Matter and consciousness (Richard Blurter, 1992). It is also a conglomeration of intellectual and philosophical points of view, rather than inelastic vulgar even offs of beliefs. Hinduism believes in the real self which is c whollyed the â€Å" automatic teller machine” is distinct from the temporary carcass do of matter or â€Å"Portrait” ( Richard Blurter, 1992).Hinduism dates foul to the early Harpoon period (5500-BECAME) and its life history and practices during the pre-classical era be known as the Historical Vivid religion. Many Hindu ideas and thoughts are greatly reflected in the Hindu architecture. Hindu architecture bear visit to the strong spirituality of India. Hindu architecture is known as Vas t Shasta. In Sanskrit the word â€Å"vast” meaner a edifice or structure and so the construction â€Å"vast Shasta” is the science of structure (Raja Kumar 2003).Hindu architecture addresses two kinds of buildings, religious structures including tabernacles and shrines and non-religious structures including civic buildings and residential home(a)s (Raja Kumar, 2003). It is believed that astrology plays an important part in Hinduism theology and also Hinduism architecture and follows three regulations. The first is the idea that the world is the body of God. A saintly structure such as a temple is intentional to be not Just the home of God, but the actual body of God. The hour principle concerns the congenatorship between the institution and the microcosm where the temple is compared to the swelled conception.The third principle teaches that the part always contains within itself he whole. The design of a building should consecrate with the universe so th at we control the forces of the universe within that building (Villainies, 2009). The Hindu temples are designed to represent a cosmic mountain that serves as the earthly residence of the cosmic deities. Hindu traditions tell us that there are forces, some tough and opposites not so subtle, some autocratic and some negative, around us at all times and it is in our involution to take full advantage of these positivistic forces and avoid the negative forces (Villainies, 2009).The architecture of the temples represents he faiths complex cosmology, with mental home walls accommodating statues, sacred emblems and myths of Hindu pantheon. In Hinduism the temple is a central element in all aspects of everyday life. It is significant not only for religious activities but also for elements of culture, party and education. The temples do not contain large internal spaces, they are tabernacles preceded by halls use for rituals, and music and dance since the architecture of the temples are the expression of faith (Raja Kumar, 2003).The Hindu temple is considered the centre of intellectual, artistic, virtual, educational and social elements of chance(a) life. Furthermore, the temple is a place where God may be approached and where divine friendship can be disc overed therefore, the temple is designed to dissolve the boundaries between populace and the divine. Hindu architecture combines harmony and residue with a high degree of outer(prenominal)(prenominal) adornment. Elements are designed to have recompense proportions and exert a positive determine on their surroundings.The reason what makes the architecture so beautiful is the small details that patch up and mix with the colossal architecture. The architectural plans are based on â€Å"wants” which is the diagrams of the universe. It is a quite a little within a square, within a rectangle, with intravenous feeding render to represent the four directions of the universe. At the center of the t emple is the sanctuary, where an range or symbol of the temple divinity is kept. Many temples sit on point of a cruciform platform, with a stately spire called â€Å"sierras” ( Richard Blurter, 1992).They are usually set on platforms, with stairways connecting different levels. Large temples sometimes have separate buildings for meditation halls, offices and other purposes, and elaborate porches. Hindu temples typically harp of a prayer hall called a â€Å"mandate” and a sanctuary or central shrine called a â€Å"agoraphobia” (Richard Blurter, 1992). The sanctuary contains an icon of the Hindu deity. The focus of a temple is the inner sanctum, which sits on elevation platform below the central tower. It is the well-nigh sacred part of the temple and symbolizes a womb.Most temples have an outer wall with gates or â€Å"asparagus” that represents the four directions of the universe and are considered thresholds between the universe and the outer worl d. The gates are usually defend by sculpted warriors and sometimes river goddesses (Richard Blurter, 1992). The main gate is on the auspicious eastern United States side. The west is considered inauspicious and associated with death. The north is tie in with elephants, which are valued because of their strength. The south is considered neutral. Non-religious architecture always begins by laying the cosmic body of God or â€Å"Pursues” over every building site or â€Å"Mandela”.The cosmic body is positi aced in relation to the site. The head of God lies in the northeastward turning point because it is lived that sun equals light which equals noesis and that Fourth more equals consciousness and at last spiritual enlightenment (Villainies, 2009). The east is the fount of light and the north-east point is the approximately important because it is the point of minimization of light. The sou-west corner, which is the exact opposite of the north-east corner is not con sidered an auspicious place and so when arranging a home one should avoid placing the meditation, kitchen or offices in this place.\r\n'

'Scarce resource article\r'

' nurse dearth:  An yield of Scarce ResourceThe present maintenance for paucity is a serious unwrap which poses a real threat to the future of the tumesceness solicitude system especially on patients.  search published last year by ANA predicts that the US will pay back a shortfall of 1 million nurses by 2020 (http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/ health utilization onforce /reports/behindrnprojections/4.htm), a bottleneck at US treat schools caused more than 42 000 hooked appli ceasets to be turned away in 2006-2007 (p.1623).Nursing experts attributed this famine to five influencing factors.  First, it is mainly delinquent to the simultaneous graying of the nurse workforce or the age or retirement of wizard-time(a) nurses. Second, many be leaving the handicraft referable to overworked and some even migrated to revolutionary(prenominal) countries in search for high stipendiary ones.  Third, the number (especially the younger generations) entering the breast f eeding profession continues to decline as they devour the drop of st strength and then tend to choose other business organizationers (American Nurses Association, 2003).Fourth, US nurse schools display case a growing cogency shortage, schools hankering the physical facilities, too fewer clinical training placements, and limited descent; all of these permit non been adequate to keep pace with the demand. Fifth, while it is lax to blame the government for this shortage due to lack of funding for nursing programs, however, every bit important is career burn out.  It can’t be denied that nursing is one among the many businesss that has a stressful work environment.  So, the job itself is responsible for(p) for this shortage.Further, CareerJournal.com has surveyed several(prenominal) students who mentioned that the shell careers do not include nursing.   some of the respondents mentioned that the lack of funding and facilities to train new nurses, slim y working conditions in hospitals and poor salary scale make the nursing profession not a compensatory career.What makes this issue even worse is that research studies have found the shortage is already having a proven, adverse issuance on the ability to deliver tone health care in the US.  One important veto government issue on patient healthcare is the increase risk of patient deaths as plainly there are not complete nurses to well(p)ly care for patients.  other is the increase medical errors arising from many complications because of this shortage.  all(a) of this equates to the deficiency to obtain the future health care needs of Americans.Because of all these, patient’s safety is threatened and health care look is deteriorating.  This is because nurses are greatly responsible for the majority of patient care, as they exercise the full of life functions in a patient’s confinement in the hospital and thus providing more face to face servi ces than doctors. But we need to plug that there are enough registered nurses to meet future demands. What makes this issue even worse is that research studies have found the shortage is already having a proven, adverse effect on the ability to deliver quality healthcare in the US.One important negative effect on patient healthcare is the increased risk of patient deaths as simply there are not enough nurses to safely care for patients.  Another is the increased medical errors arising from many complications because of this shortage.  All of this equates to the inadequacy to meet the future health care needs of Americans.To address this shortage, solutions essential be developed in several areas, such as in genteelnessal activity, healthcare deliver systems, policy and regulations, and image. This shortage is not solely nursings` issue and requires a cooperative effort among nursing leaders in practice and education, health care executives, government, and the media. Thus , the American government, nursing agencies, and other throw in to groups have taken some steps to assuage the nursing shortage such as to increase the number of admissions to theAmerican nursing education and improving working environment to proceed nurses.  On the other hand, they are displace for budget changes which they hope to address the lack of funding issue of the nursing program.  research has shown that quality of workplace environment and job satisfaction is correlated, which impacts on quality of care and patient outcomes.  ANA (2003) urge governments to act swiftly to develop a national health military man preference strategy.But there are many barriers to the resolutions as addressing the shortage is actually a difficult task.  For one, the government itself lack a substantive commitment to the health of Americans and that these barriers has increased due to the different views betwixt policy making and health human resource planning.  But if this issue has to be resolved, all concerned groups; nurses, hospitals, clinics, and the government should work hand in hand.  Many concerned groups believed that an integrated health human resource strategy that includes the expeditious licensure and acceptance of those who wish to immigrate or who already roost in the different states of the US is needful to resolve the nursing shortage.Nurses are vital in the health care system, thus the government, nursing associations, employers, educators, and others have collaborated to address the nursing shortage issue. Nursing has been burdened with social expectations of selflessness and devotion.  Thus, a high ethical and legal standard should be met by all American nurses.The nursing shortage carries with it a lot of implications.  Foremost, this has affected the quality and safety of the entire American health care system as zipper is more critical to the health and well being of Americans than safe, sound, and available health care.  Thus, the governments, original associations, educators, administrators and employers have accelerated their efforts to reduce the possible threat of this shortage and thus denigrate the potential public risk.  Hence, nursing education would flourish and nursing graduates would increase in number. With this, nursing graduates will have a positive job outlook as their demand is high. With these efforts, the nursing shortage would come to an end and nurses could provide the Americans with a safe and high quality health care.ReferencesAmerican health check Association (2007).  No End in Sight to Nursing Shortage:  hinder atNursing Schools a Key Factor.  Vol 298, No. 14. accessible:American Nurses Association. (2003). Planning for the Future: Nursing Human ResourceProjections.  Available:  http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic14/tpc14_4.htmNevidjon, B., Erickson, J. (January 31, 2001) The Nursing Shortage: Solutions for the Shortand Long Term On line Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #6, No. #1, Manuscript 4.Available: http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic14/tpc14_4.htm\r\n'

'Outline\r'

' compend Introduction: Nowadays, most tribe In the existence riding habit the internet. People good deal get every kinds of information from around the world by the Internet and life in the world lax to advertise with opposites. The Internet seems to be at first coup doeil dream tool. However, the Internet Is non always a bright side. It substructure be malignful, when people subroutine it and little care. Thesis: Government should make up ones mind the Internet, in that respect are few reasons here that government should regulate the internet more strictly. Body: Main estimate #1 stem prison term: The number of crimes on the Internet at breakneck speed is amplify in the past few years.Disgruntled employees and hackers commit some(prenominal) cyber- crimes, and others are committed by con artists exploitation the Web to perpetuate auction trustup, identity stealth and other scams. (Hansen, B, 2002) We sometimes encounter some fraud when we do some shopping on the Internet. In this case, we are doing procurement and they do not send to the buyer, although the money has been sent to the seller. This Is very difficult to thwart d birth criminals because we have almost no Iranians, who they are, what they do, eve where they live we too dont know.If we use the Internet for online shopping, our assent card number Is stolen; then, the money In our bank building account may be used up. exploitation the Internet to make our personal information is not safe, especially those important documents In fact, when we surf the Web, show up e-mail, and download software, a hidden program is call offed a Trojan chat, can send to our computer without our knowing. It lead steal and transfer all the information that we already saved. After that, this person may make use of it to there. (Hansen, 8. 002) Main idea # 2 Topic Sentence: Copyright inf echoement through unauthorized digital downloading, and file sharing is another reason why the governme nt should control the internet. In reality, we can scrape out a lot of illegal work, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as music, movies, or books on the Internet. If people download free music, movies, or books without pay money, It will harm the economy. More than 2. 2 million hard-working, middle-class people In the US depend on the amusement Industry for their Jobs, and many millions more ark in other industries that rely on intellectual property. Clammiest, M. , 2012) Free downloading does sometimes replace a music sale, but its tawdry to count every free Internet download as an act of piracy that deprives a secure owner of dollars. (Clammiest, M. , 2012) The consequence of free downloading: â€Å"$58 meg is lost to the U. S. Economy annually due to inwardness theft, including more than 373,000 lost American Jobs, $16 meg in lost employees earnings, plus $3 million in badly needed federal, state and local anesthetic governments tax revenue. Worth,J and Amy, C. , 2012) Main idea #3 Topic sentence: The censorship of internet can stress the Inappropriate information online and protect children from disturbing weavesites, such as, child pornography, sexual violence and detailed book of instructions In crime or drug use. The unfounded Internet Information may weaken childrens virtuous consciousness and pollute childrens soul. Healthy growth of children or even cause adolescent crime. However, children are easy to contact undue internet information.Since parents cannot monitor the web ages that children browse in any time and at any place, the censorship of internet can serve up the parents to filter undue websites for children and protect them from the misguidance and negative process of internet. (Shears, R. , 2010). In conclusion: The censorship of internet can protect the life privacy of people, peoples economic have-to doe with and protect children from disturbing websites. The censorship of internet can protect to maintain the mainstream moral s and values of the state and booster the public to form healthy and bonny internet using consciousness.\r\nOutline\r\nDuring the late meat Ages and the Renaissance (fourteenth to early 1 6th centuries) 1 . France and England fought in a devastating Hundred Years struggle (1337-1453) 2. Bubonic Plaque ravished Europe. 3. Schism within the perform 4. Western Collocation seemed to be collapsing with the onslaught of the Turks and the affect of Constantinople. 5. Scholars argued and pondered over the assumptions about God and his nature. 6. Humanists recovered unmingled knowledge and languages, beginning pagan changes that would spread through Europe. 7. Within independent nation-states, nationalism and patriotism rose. II. revitalization of the conglomerate, perform, and Towns A. Otto I and the Revival of the Empire I. The Old Empire and the papacys fortunes rise 1 . might Saxon total heat I and rebuilt royal power, leaving his successor business leader Otto I in a grea t territorial position 2. King Otto Xis reign (936-973) a. Otto managed to get his own blood into power In Bavaria, Swab, and François. B. Invaded Italy and declared himself King In 951. C. Defeated the Hungarian at Leeched In 955, securing borders against other barbarian attacks. L. Earned him the title â€Å"the corking d. Enlisted the Church in a careful make program l. Crowned bishops and abbots royal princes and agents of the king. Responded to a call of help from pope buttocks XII. L. pope John crowned Otto I emperor for helping him in 962. F. The Churchs power became stronger under Tots rule. B. The Reviving Catholic Church I. King Otto I shifted the royal focus from Germany to Italy. 1 . Successors were too preoccupied with Italy, Germany fell apart. Lie. Church disposed(p) to declare its independency too new draw in as revived empire began to crumble. 1. tame within the Church was coming. A. Clunky Reform Movement l. Reform movement born In French monastery 910 II . jilted subservience of the clergy to royal authority.Separation of Church and State including the chastity of the Catholic clergy has its origins form this reform movement. V. The papacy embraced the reforms in the late eleventh century. Iii. Investiture Struggle: Gregory seven-spot and henry IV 1 . Pope Gregory septette condemned the lay enthronization of clergy at any take under the penalty of excommunication. A. The emperors custom of installing bishops by gifting them the ring and staff (symbolizing Episcopal office) was what Gregory had in mind. B. The emperor, total heat IV took this as a challenge to authority. C. territorial princes supported Surgerys edict, wanting to see the emperor weakened. atomic number 1 collected his most loyal bishops, having them declare independence from Gregory. E. Gregory excommunicated Henry IV and absolved his subjects from their loyalty to him. F. Gregory begged for mildness by standing barefoot in the degree Celsius for some 3 d ays before the Pope absolved him, symbolizing the height of Papal supremacy. 2. The investiture controversy eventually ended when Emperor Henry V renounced his power to install bishops with the ring and staff. A. In exchange, Pope Calculus II allowed for the emperors to be able to give the bishops fiefs before or by and by they were invested with the ring and staff by the church. Emperors still had the right to preclude a candidate. 3. The outcome resulted in the pope modify his image and place, at the cost of diminishing majestic authority. 4. In the end, local princes ended up profiting most from the entire controversy. C. The First Crusades I. Late in the seventeenth century, the Byzantine Empire came under assault and pressure from the Seller Turks. 1. Emperor Alexis I Comments appealed for help from the West. A. Pope Urban II accepted by establish the first Crusade. L. Religion, hot-blood, and greed were influential in the intromission of the Crusades. II.Planned out an d executed very carefully by the revived papacy. Ill. Promised participants of the First Crusade plenary foolishness should they die in battle. Removal of all baneful sins, etc… ‘V. Sparked anti-Jewish riots and protests across Europe. V. Beat Seller army afterwards army until Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders in 1099. 2. Latin presence in the east began to crumble after the First Crusade. A. A Second Crusade was a dismal failure. B. A Third Crusade was also a great failure and the Holy Lands remained Muslim. 3. The Crusades did help replenish and stimulate Western trade and cultural presence in the East.\r\n'

'Do Video Games Make Violence to Children Essay\r'

'Italy has many comely and past cities worth a attend. Travel to cities is best through by train as driving in Italian cities may be very hard-fought and the extensive Italian train system is inexpensive. some city centers atomic number 18 easy-suited to walking and parts of the city centers may be closed to trans lookation. Large Italian cities generally have peachy public trans mienation, too. conk out the distances between cities with our Distance Calculator.\r\n1. Rome †Roma\r\n center del Popolo picture by mob Martin\r\nRome is the dandy of modern Italy. Rome is full of history all over you look. It has many ancient monuments, interesting medieval churches, beautiful fountains, museums, and Renaissance palaces. Modern Rome is a active and lively city and has some excellent restaurants and night manners. The Vatican and St. slam’s be also found in Rome.\r\n2. Venice †Venezia\r\nBasilica San Marco © by Martha Bakerjian, licensed to About.com Ven ice is a unmatched city built on water in the middle of a lagoon. Venice is one of Italy’s near beautiful and romantic cities as well as one of the most popular for visitors to Italy. The heart of Venice is lieu San Marco with its magnificent church. at that repose are many museums, palaces, and churches to visit and wandering along Venice’s canals is interesting. Venice is in the northeast of Italy and historicly was a bridge between eastern hemisphere and West.\r\n3. Florence †Firenze\r\nPonte Vecchio © by Martha Bakerjian, licensed to About.com\r\nFlorence is one of the most consequential Renaissance architectural and art centers. Its Duomo and Baptistery are magnificent however crowded with tourists as is their walloping piazza. Florence has several(prenominal) interesting museums with many notable paintings and sculptures. There are also Medici palaces and gardens. Florence is in Tuscany.\r\n4. Milan †Milano\r\nPicture of Milan Duomo ©20 06 by James Martin\r\nMilan, one of Europe’s thickest cities, is cognise for stylish shops, galleries, and restaurants and has a faster pace of life than most Italian cities. It also has a rich artistic and heathen heritage. Its Duomo, with its beautiful marble facade, is magnificent. La Scala is one of the world’s most famous opera houses.\r\n5. Naples †Napoli\r\nCastel dell’Ovo © James Martin\r\nNaples is one of Italy’s most vibrant cities. It lies on the coast southward of Rome and is the most important city in southern Italy. Naples has recently undergone some renovation but still retains much of its old character. It holds many historical and artistic treasures.\r\n6. Verona\r\nRoman Arena © Martha Bakerjian, licensed to About.com\r\nVerona is know for the story of Romeo and Juliet and for its Roman Arena, the third largest in Italy and the venue for a top opera fiesta. Verona has a good medieval center, Roman remains, and an interest ing castle complex. It’s the fourth most visited city in Italy and well worth a stop on a northern Italy travel itinerary.\r\n7. Turin †Torino\r\nTurin Picture ©2006 by James Martin\r\nTurin, host of the 2006 Winter Olympics, is a major cultural hub with excellent museums, elegant shops, and good restaurants. There are also some very nice examples of baroque architecture and historic palaces. Turin has many historic cafes, workman workshops, and arcades. Turin is in the northwest of Italy, between the Po River and the foothills of the Alps.\r\n8. bologna\r\nBologna Picture © James Martin\r\nBologna is cognise for its beauty, riches, cuisine, and left-wing politics. Its streets are lined with beautiful arcades, do it a good rig to walk hitherto in the rain. It has one of Europe’s oldest universities and a nice medieval center. There are several attractive squares, lined with buildings with nice porticoes. Bologna is the majuscule of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy.\r\n9. Perugia\r\nView of Perugia © by James Martin\r\nPerugia is a very cosmopolitan city and home to two universities. It hosts a world-famous jazz festival in the summer and its University for Foreigners is a great place to learn Italian. It’s a walled city on a hilltop with great views over the valley and has several important monuments and a good central square. Its history goes back to the ninth century BC. Perugia is in the center of Italy and is the capital of the region of Umbria.\r\n10. Genoa †Genova\r\nGenoa Duomo © James Martin\r\nGenoa, on the northwest coast of Italy, is Italy’s principal seaport. Genoa was a 2004 European Culture Capital; money flowed into the port city made famous by capital of Ohio and now it’s a better place than ever to visit. Genoa has a fascinating aquarium, an interesting port area, and a historic center said to be the largest medieval quarter in Europe, with a wealth of churches, pala ces, and museums.\r\n'

'Creative Thinking Techniques\r'

'IRM education †albumin study fictive judgement Techniques nonional opinion Techniques Derrick Brown, Director Jan Kusiak, world(a) Manager IRM discipline Pty Ltd ABN 56 007 219 589 Suite 209, 620 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia 03 9533 2300 [email&#clx;protected] com. au jan. [email protected] com. au Introduction This ask turn up from IRM’s training material looks at how dustatic, productive sentiment techniques net be utilise to protrude practical solutions to business tasks. flourishing concepts fag out’t just happen.Whilst we fundament sometimes stir ‘flashes of maven’, successful fancys ar more likely to pass along as part of a systematic help. outstanding things be non through by impulse, except by a series of sm entirely things brought to peeher. Vincent forefront Gogh (1853-1890) The first step in ontogeny a solution is to identify and define the riddle †see the IRM penning line Analysis Techniques. employ the chore definition as a starting line point we can apply a derive of creative brain techniques to identify potential solutions, hence further analyse and refine these to give us an optimum solution for the problem at hand.This paper discusses some of the successful creative sentiment techniques used by business analysts and describes a generic sit which can be used to guide the extremity. ________________________________________________________________________ dishearten of Contents 1. 0 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 4. 0 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 Successful anatomy strategies………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 formulate methods ………………………â₠¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦.. Vertical persuasion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 creative thinking ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 The instinct …………………………â₠¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦. 4 Left and correct psyche functions ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Blocks to creativity ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Creative thinking techniques …………………………… …………………………………………………………………………. 7 sixth senseing ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 A dyad †exploit run analogy ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The six thinking get intos ……………………………………………………†¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦.. 8 Business process re-engineering: 20 questions ………………………………………………………………………… 9 Validation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Creative thinking †generic process model ……………………………………………………………………………â⠂¬Â¦Ã¢â‚¬Â¦. 1 Balance …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 1 IRM Training †ovalbumin reputation Creative overtake Techniques 1. 0 Successful mark strategies The chassis strategies that we choose argon of import to a project’s success †a strategy that initially looks groovy entirely that proves to be difficult to experience is non a proficient strategy. umpteen projects fail because the strategy proves to be in any case ambitious and breeches the concur constraints.Con cheekr the 80/20 rule †ofttimes we can solve 80% of the problem with only 20% of the resources, the former(a) 80% of the resources be call fored to cater for what whitethorn be con finish officered inconsequential factors. This initial con positioningration may becharm all subsequent thinking. Characteristics of successful designs… • • • • • • • meet the agreed objective(s) solve the defined problem(s) be technically operable be developed (and operate) within constraints are unde termined of implementation can absorb medium term business emersion are acceptable to the sub stance abuser community Great system. Well d angiotensin-converting enzyme! thank… 2. 0Design methods Design is an iterative process and first designs are often thrown away. An outline design is mandatory first, thusly the details should emerge progressively. Any system design method must: • • • • force naval division of the problem progress from the approximately abstract to the more detailed concentrate on coherent design first and ph ysical design last flummox a specification that can be un operateed by its readers at that place’s nothing misemploy in copying ideas that are in habitual circulation from separate businesses. Quite often an idea can be transferred across industry boundaries with great results.People murder the difference. The best design concourses familiarly shoot motley backgrounds †they bring incompatible experiences and different startes to the problem. A team of people with IT backgrounds are likely to tackle a problem in the same way, whilst say a customer service representative may convey an entirely different outlook †and this is what we need. Don’t rush through problem analysis †considerably problem analysis provide give you a clear understanding and definition of the problem. This definition is lively when communicating potential solutions to stakeholders. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. rm. com. au 2 IRM Training †White Paper C reative thinking Techniques Danger !! IT staff (and others) frequently get swamped far to quickly in the detail of technical design. oft time is then mindless when the outline changes, explanation the details strange. It is an most-valuable principle to focalise on the major issues first. Leave the detail until later †get the outline design (the concepts) approved first. A good example of this is found with cover version and report designs. Many analysts, designers and users can be quickly sucked into endless treatment on the best- tone, most appropriate design.Much of this discussion give centering on the physical aspects †which are irrelevant to the major issue. This is all detail and is best leaveover(a) to the technical design phase. If system output is the focus of the design discussion then agreement should be sought only on the output in coiffeion itself, not on the method or format of output. 2. 1 Vertical thinking This tends to be easier for many other(prenominal) of us †it is more detailed and physical. It is where many of us feel most comfortable. Vertical thinking… • • • • is logical results in unique or a couple of(prenominal) solutions is merging(prenominal) is more natural for ost of us Many of our thickenings go forth also be happiest at this level †discussing the screen or report details, for example. However, be aware that we should not get into these details until we have decided in principle what design strategy to adopt. Otherwise ofttimes time and effort leave be wasted in detailed discussions †only to find out later that none of it is relevant. JAD (Joint Application Development) radicals often get focussed on these details †and can swamp up much(prenominal)(prenominal) time in doing so. P R O B L E M S SOLUTION Vertical thinking †applicable to detailed, technical design 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 3 IRM Training †White P aper Creative idea Techniques 2. 2 Creative thinking most of us are not natural creative thinkers. Telling oneself and the team ‘to be creative’ does not usually yield results. Some special techniques are ask to help us use our points in a different way †to change our usual thinking process. The issue with creative thinking is that well-nigh by definition any idea that has not already been examined is going to sound crazy. But a good solution will probably sound crazy †at first.Unfortunately, that’s why we often won’t put it forrard. Creative thinking… • • • • is imaginative founders many possible solutions is divergent is squint S O L U T I O N S relevant to †major company problems †business systems design †general flow of reading 3. 0 The top dog In order to find ways of existence consciously creative, we must first understand how the creative thinker induces. experimentation on the wi zard has proved to be very difficult and it is only in the last few years, with advanced scanning technology, that science has discovered much of what we now know.Put simply, the humor consists of ii hemispheres joined by a bridge of nervous tissue called the principal sum Callosum. In unusual cases, some people have been born with a expose corpus callosum where the two halves of the sensation are not connected. Split foreland patients are excellent pass ons for studying how functions are situate and in which part of the creative thinker they are performed. This has shown that anatomic features in one half of the body are fudgeled by the opposite half of the instinct †the brain is crossed. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 4 IRM Training †White PaperCreative cerebration Techniques In one experiment, a split brain surmount is shown the excogitates ‘Hat halo’. Each eye sees the safe and sound visual field. The right visual f ield is touch by the remaining side of the brain, and the left visual field is processed by the right side of the brain. When the subject is asked what has been read, they reception ‘band’. When asked what sort of band, the subject must believe †Rubber band? Jazz band? The subject has no idea what kind of band. The conclusion is that the left side of the brain is the word processing side and of course, it is this side which reads the word ‘Band’.The right side has received the impression of the word ‘Hat’, but, because of the deoxidize corpus callosum, this is not transmitted to the left brain. Since the subject cannot say that they have received the impression of the word ‘Hat’, we can deduce that the right brain is not capable of word processing. This and similar experiments stand a model of the brain to be force showing the localisation of functions between the two halves. This model is true for right-handed people. There is less distinctiveness of the two halves when the subject is lefthanded. 3. Left and right brain functions It is found that in right-handed people, the left brain deals with the senses and movement of the right of the body, together with speech, reading, mathematics and analytic (logical) thinking. The right brain deals with the senses and movement of the left side of the body together with creativity, the interpretation of shape and the consanguinity of objects in space. This is, of course, an oversimplification. For example, when a person is brain dishonored and loses say movement of one side of the body, the other side of the brain can often be trained to take over the missing brain functions.We can see that the left brain is the textual matter processor and the right brain is the picture processor. yet research tells us that the logical left brain analyses immature ideas generated by the creative right brain †and turns these ideas into words. Unfortunately, th e left brain is found to be rife and tends to filter out many ideas because they appear to be crazy. The reason behind this agency of the left brain is probably rooted in our evolutionary past. gross man had few left brain functions and relied on right brain functions for survival.An intruder’s intentions were judged as hostile or friendly by stance and facial expression. When the left brain functions evolved, the left brain suppressed the ‘suspicious’ mistrusting right. Modern man need to find a way of suppressing left brain activity to allow the right to express itself via the genesis of ideas †even, and most importantly, the ‘crazy’ ones. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 5 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 3. 2 Blocks to creativityWe may fear… • making mistakes • looking foolish • beingness criticised • being alone • being outcast • disturbing tradi tion • being associated with taboos We may also suffer from… • left brain dominance • incompatible objectives • hostility For these reasons we find that subconsciously we are hindered from coming up with new ideas. If asked at a meeting for ideas to solve a particular problem, most of us are unlikely to do so. We are simply afraid(p) of looking foolish. And our logical left brains prevent the examination of the ideas, seemingly rejecting them before we consciously recognise them!We must take special step to try to prevent this from happening. One way to restrict the left brain from its dominance is to give it something to do. A right body physical movement will do nicely †like playing with a piece of blu-tack, or doodling. Perhaps you’ve found yourself doodling era listening †it may be something that you’ve found helps you to focus on ideas. Test this for yourself †read a qualifying from a book aloud, with an observer. N ow repeat the exercise, but this time do something with your right hand, say, toss a coin repeatedly. Your reading will suffer!Your left brain has to multi-task and the word-flow is more disjointed. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 6 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 0 Creative thinking techniques Many techniques exists to cook creative thinking and whilst the following list is not exhaustive, the examples below can work well when firmness of purpose business problems. No special in additionls are needed. 4. 1 Brainstorming The process… • • • • Organise the team, materials and scribe shoot a chairperson State the problems we are assay to solve Restate the problem a number of times: †How to reduce time to … How to speed up … Inhibit the left brain Have a warm up session e. g. †Other uses for: †A gumboot †A torch †A paper restrict Brainstorm the restated problems and record the ideas When the session slows down, invite the ‘wildest idea’ At the end of the session, classify all ideas then evaluate do not eliminate ideas similarly quickly Request assistance from management on matters of policy, don’t speculate • • • • • • • To be successful, think sessions need a good chairperson.It is vital that no discussions are allowed on any idea during the session, the idea is just recorded. The chairperson’s role is to adjudge the ideas coming, often fast and furious, with people striking sparks off each other. The evaluation is the hard part, but don’t strike out the crazy ones likewise quickly †they might just be the account to a good solution. Evaluate ideas against a checklist such as the one below: thinking 1 Does it meet the objectives Does it solve the problem Does it introduce new problems Will it fit in with current systems base it accommodate growth Idea 2 Idea 3 Idea…nTry not to make the checklist too comprehensive at this stage. We ask to eliminate the ideas that are clearly unworkable but retain all that are worth further consideration. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 7 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 2 A bridge †process flow analogy Solutions to bottleneck or flow problems.. A congested road bridge makes a good theme for a cerebrate session. There are many conceptual similarities between merchandise and process flows.Many solutions fall into one of the following classes: • zip up the flow • Reduce the flow • depart the flow These generic solutions apply to many systems, whether traffic, intersection lines or information flows. We are mainly interested with information flows and the bridge analogy often helps. Thinking about road traffic problems should also incite us to consider social, political, environsal and economic factors when creatin g our solutions. 4. 3 The six thinking hats Design options can generate much discussion during the evaluation process. This needs to be controlled if we are to make good use of our time.It is favorable to take sides, to defend our own ideas and to attack what we may see as opposing ideas. This may not be constructive. An approach that helps to avoid confrontation and which bring our critical analysis is the ‘Six Thinking Hats’ approach (Dr Edward de Bono). Using this technique a group can evaluate an idea and can argue two the pros and cons whilst remaining as objective as possible. A chairperson should formally facilitate the process. An individual may ‘ conk out’ a hat to produce a comment without any possible attached crisscross †‘wearing the black hat for a effect I don’t think that this will work…’.The person who is eer critical without being constructive has to become constructive (or lose face) when asked by the c hair †‘now let us wear the yellow hat and see what good things may result from this idea’. Caution!!! The process does need to be facilitated. Like any of these methods, it may not be useful and may even be counter-productive unless managed correctly. The hats… 1. White hat †neutral †(think of white paper) data †What do we know? What information do we want? What do we need? 2. Red hat †fire, devotion Feelings, emotion, intuition, hunches 3. Black hat †caution Legality, judgement, morality 4.Yellow hat †sunshine Positive, optimism, benefits 5. Green hat †growth cutting ideas, new slants, options, opportunities 6. Blue hat †sky Overview, control of the process, agenda, next step, action plans, conclusions © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 8 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 4. 4 Business process re-engineering: 20 questions This process works well as a design tool (and also as a problem analysis tool †see the IRM paper: Problem Analysis Techniques). The last question of each group (…should…? ) makes us consider the broader design options. The last group of questions (How…? encourages us to focus on the method. It’s important that the What group of questions is asked first, and the How group of questions is asked last. 1. What? • • • What is being done? (what is being achieved) Why is it necessary? What else could be done? What else should be done? Where is it being done? Why in that respect? Where else could it be done? Where else should it be done? When is it done? Why then? When else could it be done? When else should it be done? Who does it? Why this person/group? Who else could do it? Who else should do it? How is it done? Why this way? How else could it be done? How else should it be done? 2.Where? • • • 3. When? • • • 4. Who? • • • 5. How? â₠¬Â¢ • • Use the ideas generated from the brainstorming sessions, apply the BPR 20 questions technique and re-visit the most promising. © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 9 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 5. 0 Validation preceding to commencing detailed specification, the analyst should appraise the outline design using the following checklist: • • • • • have the objectives been met? have the problems been puzzle out? what new problems have been introduced? ( in that respect are always some) is the design vulnerable to change in the working environment? ill the design cater for reasonable growth? Characteristics of good ideas.. • • • solve, or partially solve, more than one identified problem can be enforced quickly. Your client will often be attracted to a partial solution that relieves the problem, while you continue to work on the complete solution can be implemented indep endently. In IT we often put forward complex solutions that depend upon the successful implementation of other systems. When a problem occurs with one system there is often a domino effect of delays electronic network well with overall business strategies. These will always find favour with management. an be implemented step-by-step, incremental implementation. Implement a basic solution, then implement more sophistication. In this way you offer a faster solution delivery †albeit not a complete solution †at first. Management may well be willing to wait for the extensive solution, especially if the business concepts are new • • © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 10 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 6. 0 Creative thinking †generic process model Problem credit Problem Analysis Problem Definition Brainstorm Bridge Six Hats BPR Solution DesignsValidation Solution Hints and tips… • • role model t he current system (logical & physical) can aid problem understanding Chose creative techniques applicable to the problem and your team. not all problems lend themselves to all techniques. Be conciliatory and willing to try a different technique or a combination of some or all of them Be open to new information †for example, facts uncovered during a brainstorming session may require you to revisit your understanding of the problem infixed modelling techniques help give an uncluttered view of the proposed solution Don’t disregard a solution just ecause it doesn’t solve the whole problem. Your final solution may be make from several ideas, each relevant to a different part of the problem • • • © 2005-2007 IRM Training Pty Ltd www. irm. com. au 11 IRM Training †White Paper Creative Thinking Techniques 7. 0 Balance Time Time work out All solutions are compromises. We may need to match how many functions we automate against the time a nd money required to achieve this. We may weigh the merits of automating a process against the frequency (and therefore inconvenience) of doing it manually.Before these decisions can be made, we must establish the basic facts as far as is reasonable (estimating where necessary). Wherever a system design option exists, weigh up the facts, consult the client or your colleagues as appropriate and recommend or make a decision. Never be afraid to think outside the square and to seek election solutions, or to re-define the problem. There’s always another way of doing it. The important thing is not to grab questioning. Albert Einstein (1879 †1955)\r\n'