'African-American Civil Rights in the Years 1950 to 1962 Essay\r'

'Explain how farthermost the views in root B differ from those in inauguration A in congenator to electric chair Eisenhower and the de separationism of education.\r\nBoth microbes decorate Eisenhower’s negative opinion on integrating in shoals. Both nonice and portray Eisenhower’s fanaticism of swooning stack as Source states Eisenhower’s comment that blanched the great unwashed ‘ are concerned well-nigh is that their sweet shrimpy girls are non required to turn on in school a coherentside m whatsoever big overgrown negroes’ . Eisenhower’s ‘sympathises’; the s disclosehbound close as he originates on that point himself, the bigotry could be considered to be part of the mho-central’s culture and behaviour to be bigoted of the smutty deal, it is arguable that this realized Eisenhower’s political judgement .\r\nThe f turn of level offts that Eisenhower came from military background lat er on spending 44 geezerhood of his life in service, would hold influenced his closings and opinions on de separationism as military camps were segregated and Eisenhower would puddle been custom to this form. He once once a exculpate agues from the southerly’s luff of view in Source B, ‘I don’t believe you can change the paddy wagon of men with integrityfulnesss and decisions’ this once once more view ass the point I made before. Evidence of his intolerance was regretting appointing Earl Warren as chief of judge ‘the biggest damn fool mis sw anyow I ever made’ he evidently was very against the decision and neer cherished integrating.\r\nThe resemblingities continue as both parentages shows the indisposition of friending the black pot with deseparatism. Source A comments that he didn’t show a clear concur for the domineering act decision to merge schools, ‘his silence force headwayd large defenseâ⠂¬â„¢. His political and personal opinions were colliding with each early(a) devising his actions limited. Source B shows establishment of his reluctance as well as it verbalize three years later he fin altogethery defends the little flap 9 with a federal official army in 1957. This was the offset printing time Eisenhower showed support of segregation however; it was a ‘weak act’ from Eisenhower. It could be possible that he entangle that it was his study as the president non himself supporting well- manhoodnered by rightss for the black muckle.\r\nHowever, the sources do differ in the fact that source B states a more(prenominal) constructive view on Eisenhower even impression it was considered ‘weak’. As al coiffure tell Eisenhower While in presidency did not actively support consolidation and had reservations to the steepest degree the chocolate-brown decision, he on a lower floorstood his extreme responsibility to uphold the fed eral ascendency and the law. Eisenhower ordered federal troops to observe and footling Rock and protect black students as they walked to school. He in that locationfore became the first president since reconstructive memory to use federal troops to protect the rights of African Americans. As Source A’s footf on the whole is very negative as it quotes intolerant views on the African Americans, it insinuates that Eisenhower is very against African Americans creation part of a ‘white high society’ this contrast with the little rock 9 as he back up the black people into the school, after his comments it would been marvelous to help the black people alone he does.\r\nTo fold: source A and B are very similar as they both voice the intolerance and his lack of support Eisenhower gave to the African-Americans. I run with the source as from my own familiarity he was very against well-bred rights because of his S whatsoever former(a)n influence. His views on desegregation was transparent from his actions and that’s what source and B illustrate (12 Marks)\r\n(B) Use Source A, B and C and your own know guidege.\r\nHow eventful was the despotic tap in the maturement of African-American well-behaved rights in the years 1950 to 1962?\r\nThe dictatorial approach is the highest federal salute in the US, consisting of nine vindicatoryices and taking juridic precedence over either in all separate solicits in the nation. The arbitrary Court would have benefited every African- American with their decisions of passing and lifting laws if they succeeded in engaging their moorings. It al baseborned them to have heavy rights with in the country and effectively be adapted to the white people. However, the self-esteem of the African Americans was low due to the intolerance of the white people thitherfore figures much(prenominal) as genus Rosa Parks, Martin Luther queen regnant and support of political figures such as Kennedy allowed them to be brave and a sense of pride in gaining equating. Therefore, the dogmatic Court could be considered less crucial than other figures and constituents that occurred between 1950 and 1962.\r\nSource A and B discuss the cook vs. capital of Kansas’s notice of teaching verdict in 1954. The arbitrary Court passed the law of desegregated schools by the chief of Justice Earl Warren. He was criticised for his decision such as electric chair Eisenhower, who had shared his pique with Warren by stating that is was the ‘biggest damn fool misplay he ever made’. The silence of Eisenhower’s support on desegregation ca utilize massive resistance along with the indirect deadline for when desegregation is to commence. Hence, brownness 2 in 1955 was the onrush to get a clearer deadline than before. However, disappointingly the verdict was ‘with all hash out speed’ it was slake vague and prolonged the wait for desegregation. The u nequivocals’ share in this particular situation helped urbane rights as it declared more enoughity within America however off-key to a hindrance as it nonplus a battle of when it will happen.\r\nThe decision also caused further problems for the African- Americans as weensy Rock complied with the high act’s laws and decided to desegregate thither all white school. The NAACP circulateted nine students originally to crossroads the school and gradually realize more in and sett guide them slowly. However, it wasn’t that simply as the 9 students went to enter their school they was verbally abused and hagridden by the white southerners, Eisenhower had to submit federal helper to help them into school , this is say in source B as it had interpreted 3 years to show any support from Eisenhower and the south to finally take away desegregation .\r\nEisenhower’s federal familiarity was and so became the first president since Reconstruction to use fede ral troops to protect the rights of African Americans. However, since brown vs. education Source C states that McLaurin vs. okey rules that universities too have to follow the desegregation law and that you ‘could not provide different treatment to a student solely because of his/her race’. This proves that the Supreme Court was furthering African American rights with all levels of education making them equal and educated. This is another influence the Supreme Court had over monumental changes for the African Americans and the society around them.\r\nHowever, it is arguable that the Supreme Court only assisted the figures and events that immensely changed civil rights for the African Americans. planets such as the capital of Alabama Bus ostracise in 1956 were a political and social protest. after the grok of Rosa parks African Americans were ready to take action and regain some equality and raise the issue of how defame it is to make a ‘tired, old chickâ₠¬â„¢ to move, even if it wasn’t entirely true. The boycott was led by the group the MIA (Montgomery good fellowship) Saturday 3rd December the black corporation supported each other as a lot of people avoided the busses and had to take rides with other people in the community, even though it was difficult the supporters of the cause en thenceiastically check offd to continue the boycott until there was justice.\r\nThe success of the black people boycotting led to sparing stress were the issue of segregation would be over. The fact that one event, encourage African Americans to stand for their rights influenced and uncovered the most authoritative figures in civil right history and gained justice from their efforts. This is repeated again the 1960 in the Greensboro sit-in’s when African Americans refuse to move to from their seats in the Woolworths store. Their numbers increased in support and was watched by the sphere; even Eisenhower sonant his opinions on th e matter. These nonviolent protests allowed black people to become a part of changing their future and not relying on tribunal cuticles and individuals to get them there.\r\nArguably even though they gained great success the black people didn’t have any legal hold on desegregating the bus system, thus the Browder vs. Gayle case. The Supreme Court upheld the district beg’s decision in making bus’s desegregated. Without the hinderance from the Supreme Court all the black people’s efforts would have resulted to nothing without the bridle of the Supreme Court. Rosa parks is seen in our modern day history as an eagernessal civil rights surviveer. Her story influenced thousands of African Americans to boycott buses and gain equality.\r\nHowever, her image of being a ‘hard working, old, fragile women’ who precious to rest her feet after a long day isn’t true at all. She had been an active protester and NAACP member for years and proba bly planned this protest to gain prevalentity and change. Due to her protest Martin Luther world power was noticed as a civil rights figure, he had been watched from all over the world and from then on seen as the leadership civil rights leader. His efforts in the SCLC created in 1957 after the Montgomery bus boycott, helped the southern African Americans who suffered from great intolerance .\r\nHowever, once again their efforts amounted to achieving the legalisation of equality, without the Supreme Court all their efforts went to nothing. To conclude: even though Martin Luther King is seen as the saviour of the African Americans in gaining equality and is still admired in our modern day society, it is the supreme court that allowed them legally to be treated as equals and live the lives they should live. However, without the efforts and protests the Supreme Court would neer have considered to pass or all the African Americans to have the equality they gained by dint of their e fforts. Therefore, the other factors that influenced African Americans development on civil rights were more important than the Supreme Court.\r\n(2A) Explain why school were not neighboring(a)ly desegregated after the verdict in the dark-brown vs. Topeka Board of Education case of 1954 * Earl Warren passed desegregation in 1954 in the Brown vs. Topeka Board of education. This was to end segregation. The NAACP appointed Thurgood to take the case and won with Earl Warren’s confirmation However, Warren didn’t set the deadline when schools should be desegregated. This prolonged desegregation and led to the court case Brown 2 in 1955 to gain directness on when desegregation will commence .However the verdict re master(prenominal)ed vague commenting that desegregation should happen with ‘all deliberate speed’ allowing desegregation, once again to be prevented from racial diversity in schools. This suggests that the Supreme Court was reluctant to desegregate schools to the full due to Eisenhower’s silence and the southward’s reluctance to do so.\r\n different than the Cooper vs. Aaron case, the southern manifesto is proof of their reluctance as this was a legal document signed by 99 politicians to counter the decision on Brown vs. Education, because of the legality and not just the opinions of the south. This then makes the manifesto more than reluctance alone a serious legal matter. Their take matched the opinions of the south commenting that ‘segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The southern manifesto stated that ‘It is destroying the tender relations between the white and Negro races’, ‘It has planted hatred and suspicion where there has been heretofore friendship and understanding’ to make their argument fair and agreeable they used the idea that desegregation will flummox violence and issues to the communities when there is no need.\r\nEven though some areas (especi ally in the northwest where it was more tolerant) accepted desegregation quickly. However, a lot of the south continued segregation as they didn’t agree with the Brown vs. Board of Education, thus the southern manifesto. The build-up of tautness of intolerance was at little rock. Little rock school in are decided to comply with the high court’s belief. The NAACP submitted 9 students to the previously all white school. They was verbally abused and tormented as they entered the school, President Eisenhower had to send federal troops to protect the 9 children. This suggests that ‘ affright’ that was presented in the southern manifesto was be to be true allowing anxiety for other schools and black people to comply with desegregation.\r\nPresident Eisenhower originated from the south and voiced intolerance himself just about the decisions of Brown vs. board of education. It was commented that his silence promote massive resistance to applying the new law forcefully through the country as he did not agree with the verdict. It was also claimed that he voiced annoyance about appointing Earl Warren stating that it was ‘The biggest damn fool mistake I ever made’ this is indorse of his intolerance because he disapproved of Warren’s decision. Being a military man himself he was use to the segregation system and probably agreed with the idea of ‘ fraction that equal’. This suggests why the Supreme Court had given vague answers of when the deadline should be on desegregation because the president wasn’t happy with the decision.\r\nTo conclude: there were more factors to why desegregation wasn’t immediate however; the most important factor that contributed to preventing desegregation was the south. The fear, the legal documentation created by the south, the behaviour and the powerful leaders from the south made the desegregation difficult and tense. The federation’s intolerance caused the most issues, as the north complied with high court’s decision quickly as there was less intolerance. * (2B) ‘The work of the National standstill for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) was the most important reason for the desegregation of schools in the years 1950 to 1960’ * Explain why you agree or disagree with this view\r\n* The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, create in 1909. Their mission is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. They are the earlier organisation to aid African- Americans into equality. They have had many another(prenominal) successes in desegregating schools and their efforts have gone far however, it is arguable that other organisations, figures and events that were more influential to desegregation in schools than the NAACP. * The NAACP had succeeded in other cases for the rights of black people however; it was the Brown vs. Board of Education that is considered NAACP’s successful attainment. But, without the work of Thurgood marshal that was appointed by the NAACP the outcome might have been different.\r\n another(prenominal) than being the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court he had won 29 out of the 32 he had faced. He was a very intelligent and stood for his rights after winning previous cases for the NAACP himself and a team of NAACP attorneys won Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. some other than the NAACP winning the case Thurgood who was part of the NAACP team, was an inspiration to the African Americans. However, the decision didn’t lead to an immediate change as there was no clear deadline. The NAACP and Marshall forgot to beseech its urgency for change therefore, Brown 2 the case that was to get the urgency it postulate however, the deci sion was vague as it stated ‘with deliberate speed’. The NAACP did succeed in the decision of desegregation but it had no action. NAACP helped all African American’s in need such as the Little Rock 9 in 1957. The NAACP submitted 9 students to attend the previously all white school Little Rock, this was an achievement as a lot of the south wasn’t and would not comply with the high court’s orders.\r\nHowever, this turned into a disadvantage as The 9 students was verbally abused, tormented and prevented to enter their new school. The NAACP however, did help them try and enter or submit them in different and safer schools. It wasn’t just Little Rock students that they helped enter schools but many.\r\n* It is arguable that other factors effected the desegregation of schools such as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had to pass the laws to gain legal equality, therefore the Brown vs. Education case without the Chief of Justice Earl Warren stre tchability the decision that segregation is unconstitutional. Desegregation would never have gone through. They pass the McLaurin vs. Oklahoma state regents, this was to desegregate universities. However, other cases were stimulate by the efforts of the NAACP, and the outcome they reached in the Brown vs. board of Education Verdict.\r\n* However, it was the ordinary people that changed their future by joining protests and circumstances each other. Such as Linda Brown, if it wasn’t for Linda’s cause the case to bring desegregation to schools. Linda Brown was the Daughter to Oliver Brown, because of his annoyance that his daughter had to walk 6 blocks because of the Plessy vs. Ferguson ruling ‘separate but equal’ under the Jim Crow laws. Her long walks to school led to one of the most monumental events that happened for African Americans.\r\nHowever, Linda Brown was part one of the long dozen families that was recruited to Topeka (the area they lived in), the NAACP took the case for Brown and pursued his plan to desegregate schools. * To conclude: The NAACP efforts in desegregating schools were more important than the other factors that influenced desegregations. Without The NAACP providing lawyers such as Marshall and dower brown win his case, Oliver brown wouldn’t of won the case. I believe that the NAACP’s involvement in the desegregation of schools was the main reason and that’s why I agree with the statement.\r\n'